Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Conservation Organizations Comments on June 21, 2021 OSW Workshop Cullum, L., Hislop, K., Aylesworth, S., Eriksen, R., Flick, P., George, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach Serpetti, N., Benjamins, S., Brain, S., Collu, M., Harvey, B., Heymans, J., Hughes, A., Risch, D., Rosinski, S., Waggitt, J., Wilson, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Wind turbine event detection by support vector machine Hu, C., Albertani, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
No evidence of increased fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) due to wind turbines Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V., Palme, R., Nopp-Mayr, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat Pearse, A., Metzger, K., Brandt, D., Shaffer, J., Bidwell, M., Harrell, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Marine Spatial Planning
Estudio de la viabilidad económica y energética de la construcción de un parque eólico offshore en el litoral español. Benich, U. Thesis Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O., Shadman, M., Amiri, M., Silva, C., Estefen, S., La Rovere, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model Roman, P., Salinas, C., Araujo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J., Stanton, J., Beston, J., Thogmartin, W., Loss, S., Katzner, T., Johnson, D., Erickson, R., Merrill, M., Corum, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H., Ruttenberg, B., Walter, R., Wang, Y-H., White, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Veileder for arealtildeling, konsesjonsprosess og søknader for vindkraft til havs Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Landscape features associated to wind farms increase mammalian predator abundance and ground-nest predation Gomez-Catasus, J., Barrero, A., Reverter, M., Bustillo-de la Rosa, D., Pérez-Granados, C., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 0512: Combined Monthly Survey Report (Year 2): February 2019-December 2019 Arundale, M., Williams, A., Warford, S., Robinson Willmott, J., Jervis, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Bjerre, E., Otto, M., Zimmerman, S., Millsap, B., Fink, D., Stuber, E., Strimas-Mackey, M., Robinson, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The clash between biodiversity protection and renewable energy development in the European Union with reference to the Habitats and the Birds Directive s Aikaterini, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Feasibility study of large-scale deployment of colour-ringing on Black-legged Kittiwake populations to improve the realism of demographic models assessing the population impacts of offshore wind farms O’Hanlon, N.J., Wischnewski, S., Ewing, D., Newman, K., Gunn, C., Jones, E.L., Newell, M., Butler, A., Quintin, M., Searle, K., Walker, R., Humphreys, E.M., Wright, L.J., Daunt, F., Robinson, R.A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Detection-reaction systems in onshore windfarms, a mitigation solution to reduce bird fatalities: Principles for a relevant assessment of their performances Corbeau, A., Dupont, S., Besnard, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Effects of wind farms on the nest distribution of magpie (Pica pica) in agroforestry systems of Chongming Island, China Song, N., Xu, H., Zhao, S., Liu, N., Zhong, S., Li, B., Wang, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Relative energy production determines effect of repowering on wildlife mortality at wind energy facilities Huso, M., Conkling, T., Dalthorp, D., Davis, M., Smith, H., Fesnock, A., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-construction bird and bat fatality monitoring studies at wind energy projects in Latin America: A summary and review Agudelo, S., Mabee, T., Palmer, R., Anderson, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project Taubmann, J., Coppes, J., Andrén, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Collision Risk for Migratory Birds Facing Wind Energy Installations in Europe in Relation to Wind Energy Production Tito, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 Tjørnløv, R., Skov, H., Armitage, M., Barker, M., Cuttat, F., Thomas, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L., Menegon, S., Depellegrin, D., Zuidema, C., Faaij, A., Yamu, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Wildlife Mortality in Wind Turbine Transformer Basins Meyer, S., Matlack, R., Ray, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The biodiversity-wind energy-land use nexus in a global biodiversity hotspot Kati, V., Kassara, C., Vrontisi, Z., Moustakas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Risk of Avian Collisions in Wind Turbines Matsuda, H., Sugimoto, H., Shimada, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan Ørsted, Eversource Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L., Simonis, J., Otto, M., Bjerre, E., Runge, M., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
ThruTracker: Open-Source Software for 2-D and 3-D Animal Video Tracking Corcoran, A., Schirmacher, M., Black, E., Hedrick, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
La urgencia de hacer Restauración ecológica en México Mendez-Toribio, M., Izquierdo- Calderón, N., Martinez-Garza, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Lighting Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: Wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal Sayad, E. , Wilberforce, T., Elsaid, K., Rabaia, M., Abdelkareem, M., Chae, K., Olabi, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction, Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Habitat use by post-fledging white-tailed eagles shows avoidance of human infrastructure and agricultural areas Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Tikkanen, H., Laaksonen, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 (Beacon Wind) Annual Report: December 2019 to November 2020 Arundale, M., Goulding, A., Rogerson, K., St John Glew, K., Warford, S., Jervis, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds Horton, K., Van Doren, B., Albers, H., Farnsworth, A., Sheldon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Lighting Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K., Bay, K., Mattson, T., Leckband, J., Becker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Avian Species Research Fernandez, K., Middleton, P., Salerno, J., Barnhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
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