Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Project Environmental Monitoring Plan: Kincardine Offshore Windfarm Project Kincardine Offshore Wind Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Collision risk of Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high‐resolution GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Bouten, W., Schlaich, A., Koks, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm Dohm, R., Jennelle, C., Garvin, J., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation Cook, S., Palmer, G., Hill, R., McCarthy, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of wind turbine noise on the surrounding soundscape in the context of greater-prairie chicken courtship vocalizations Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J., Powell, L., Walsh, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria Brunner, H., Friedel, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors McGee, J., Nelson, P., Ponder, J., Marr, J., Redig, P., Walsh, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Impactos Ambientales de la Energía Eólica (Environmental Impacts of the Wind Energy) Hernández-Galvez, G., Pampillón-González, L., Hernández-Almenares, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Visual Impacts
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds Fox, A., Petersen, I-K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Investigation of existing post-construction mortality monitoring at Victorian wind farms to assess its utility in estimating mortality rates Moloney, P., Lumsden, L., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Baerwald, E., Beston, J., Drake, D., Hale, A., Hein, C., Huso, M., Loss, S., Lovich, J., Strickland, M., Williams, K., Winder, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Second Annual Report Fourth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria Lumsden, L., Moloney, P., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Effect of wind turbines on bird abundance: A national scale analysis based on fixed effects models Miao, R., Ghosh, P., Khanna, M., Wang, W., Rong, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Evaluation of bird detection efficiency of ProBird: tracking missed detection and false positives Lagrange, H., Rico, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site Ingram, E., Cerrato, R., Dunton, K., Frisk, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish
Predictable shorebird departure patterns from a staging site can inform collision risks and mitigation of wind energy developments Howell, J., McKellar, A., Espie, R., Morrissey, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
Development of the information system for forecasting collision between birds and wind farms Osadchyi, V., Siokhin, V., Gorlov, P., Osadcha, K., Yeremieiev, V. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines
Wind turbines in high quality habitat cause disproportionate increases in collision mortality of the white-tailed eagle Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Levers, C., Leitão, P., Krone, O., Brandl, R., Albrecht, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review Coppes, J., Braunisch, V., Bollmann, K., Storch, I., Mollet, P., Grunschachner-Berger, V., Taubmann, J., Suchant, R., Nopp-Mayr, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Draft Environmental Assessment Wild Horse Wind Project Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Assessing the Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Seabird Foraging Guilds Along the East Coast of the United States Goodale, M., Milman, A., Griffin, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Document cadre de la MR10 Soutien à la mise en œuvre d’actions de préservation des îlots utilisés comme site de nidification, en particulier pour le Goéland marin Le Guen, M., Leicher, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 van Kooten, T., Soudijn, F., Tulp, I., Chen, C., Benden, D., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Effects of turbine collision mortality on population dynamics of 13 bird species Potiek, A., Collier, M., Schekkerman, H., Fijn, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Synopsis of Research Programs that can Provide Baseline and Monitoring Information for Offshore Energy Activities in the Pacific Region: Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys in the Pacific Region Adams, J., Lafferty, K., Kelsey, E., Johnston, C. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M., Bils, F., Horchler, B., Liesenjohann, T., Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Avian Use Surveys for the Big Blue River Wind Project, Henry County, Indiana. Draft Report: December 2015 – November 2016 Good, R., Ciecka, A., McAlexander, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Minimizing Bird Collisions with Wind Turbines: Proceedings of the KNE Conference on May 15-16, 2019 in Kassel Bruns, E., Aschwanden, J., Musiol, F., Früh, D., Kleyheeg-Hartman, J., Sprötge, M., Reichenbach, M., Reers, H., Mehrgott, H., Weiss, A., Schuster, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Birds
Is wind energy increasing the impact of socio-ecological change on Mediterranean mountain ecosystems? Insights from a modelling study relating wind power boost options with a declining species Ferreira, D., Freixo, C., Cabral, J., Santos, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time Best, B., Halpin, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse nesting ecology: wind energy and habitat Proett, M., Roberts, S., Horne, J., Koons, D., Messmer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Landscape Factors Affecting Foraging Flight Altitudes of Great Blue Heron in Maine; Relevance to Wind Energy Development Dolinski, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions Rebke, M., Dierschke, V., Weiner, C., Aumuller, R., Hill, K., Hill, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Lighting Birds
Skookumchuck Wind Energy Project Proposed Habitat Conservation Plan and Incidental Take Permit for Marbled Murrelet, Bald Eagle, and Golden Eagle Lewis and Thurston Counties, Washington: Final Environmental Impact Statement Anchor QEA Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic Lieske, D., Tranquilla, L., Ronconi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
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