The Gray wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the most well-known and studied species because of its close and ancient relationship with humans. Wolves occur throughout the northern hemisphere, inhabiting a variety of habitats that range from Arctic tundra to Arabian deserts. They often live in human-dominated landscapes, particularly in Southern Europe and Asia. The biggest concern for wolves around wind farms is increased human disturbance in otherwise remote areas that are of particular importance for breeding packs. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.
Short Science Summary: European Wolves and Wind Energy Development
The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.
| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity | Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R., Verones, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Assessing the associations between renewable energy generation and other human-induced threats to terrestrial biodiversity | Gorosábel, A., Farooq, H., Mulligan, M., Iversen, L., Geldmann, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Biodiversity biases in research and practice: Lessons from the Irish onshore wind sector | King, E., Gorman, C., Stout, J., Buckley, Y., Donohue, I. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
| Population-level impacts of wind energy for two fruit bat species in South Africa | Aronson, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Integrating Biodiversity Impacts into Life Cycle Assessment: Applied to a case study of onshore wind power production | Demyanenko, S. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | |
| Occupancy of roe deer, water deer, and wild boar in wind farm-integrated forest ecosystems: A case study in Korea | Kim, S., Dhakal, T., Cho, K., Kim, T., Woo, S., Kim, J., Lee, D., Jang, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Reindeer husbandry challenges in winter in a wind power plant area- a study from an island in Troms county | Odmann, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| The contingent impact of wind farms on game mammal density demonstrated in a large-scale analysis of hunting bag data in Poland | Klich, D., Kawka, J., Łopucki, R., Kulis, Z., Yanuta, G., Budny. M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Wind of change: Wind power establishments correlate with changes in moose harvests in central Sweden and Norway | Berg, E. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Opportunities for enhancing biodiversity at wind and solar energy developments | Jobson, B., Cook, A., Fletcher, C., Bennun, L., Murrell, L., Asante-Owusu, R., Liu, Q. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Will future wind power development in Scandinavia have an impact on wolves? | Miltz, C., Eriksen, A., Wikenros, C., Wabakken, P., Sand, H., Zimmermkann, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Assessing the ecological effects of the Lista wind power park on vegetation and cervids | Lebesbye, E. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A., Routavaara, H., Jokikokko, M., Rana, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Occupancy model to unveil wildlife utilization at Yeongyang-gun wind farm management road, Korea | Kim, S-H., Dhakal, T., Yoon, T-G., Cho, K., Kim, J.Y., Kim, T-S. , Lee, D-H. , Jang, G-S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Effects of Wind Power Development on Reindeer: Global Positioning System Monitoring and Herders’ Experience | Eftestøl, S., Tsegaye, D., Flydal, K., Colman, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M., Johnston, A., Beck, J., Taylor, K., Hall, E., Knox, L., Cufaude, T., Wallace, C., Chong, G., Kauffman, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Spatial co-occurrence between wind power and boreal forestlands with lichen important for reindeer browsing | Lundmark, E. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India | Kumara, H., Babu, S., Rao, G., Mahato, S., Bhattacharya, M., Rao, N., Tamiliniyan, D., Parengal, H., Deepak, D., Balakrishnan, A., Bilaskar, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Landscape features associated to wind farms increase mammalian predator abundance and ground-nest predation | Gomez-Catasus, J., Barrero, A., Reverter, M., Bustillo-de la Rosa, D., Pérez-Granados, C., Traba, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Roe deer stress response to a wind farms: Methodological and practical implications | Klich, D., Lopucki, R., Scibior, A., Golebiowska, D., Wojciechowska, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Quantifying biodiversity trade-offs in the face of widespread renewable and unconventional energy development | Popescu, V., Munshaw, R., Shackelford, N., Montesino Pouzols, F., Dubman, E., Gibeau, P., Horne, M., Moilanen, A., Palen, W. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Riverine, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Fish, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Migratory Disturbance Thresholds with Mule Deer and Energy Development | Sawyer, H., Lambert, M., Merkle, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Pronghorn Winter Resource Selection Before and After Wind Energy Development in South-Central Wyoming | Smith, K., Taylor, K., Albeke, S., Beck, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Engineered ecologies: Addressing energy infrastructure impacts on wildlife habitat & movement | Baker, L. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Kiyikoy Wind Power Plant Capacity Extension Biodiversity Action Plan (Bap) | Alenka Enerji Uretim ve Yatirim A.Ş., GEM Sustainability Services and Consultancy Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Green Electricity Corridors in Europe: Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM): Status, roadblocks, and ways forward | Ecofirst, Renewables Grid Initiative | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 | Khalil, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Rangifer within areas of human influence: understanding effects in relation to spatiotemporal scales | Flydal, K., Tsegaye, D., Eftestøl, S., Colman, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Deerfield Wind Black Bear Study: Progress Update, Fall 2018 | Comeau, J., Hammond, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation | Skarin, A., Sandström, P., Alam, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Do Black-naped Hares Lepus nigricollis (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae) have synanthropic association with wind farms? | Anoop, V., Arun, P., Jaypal, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Windpower and reindeer | Strand, O., Colman, J., Eftestøl, S., Sandström, P., Skarin, A., Thomassen, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Living in Habitats Affected by Wind Turbines May Result in an Increase in Corticosterone Levels in Ground Dwelling Animals | Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Scibior, A., Gołębiowska, D., Perzanowski, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) | da Costa, G., Paula, J., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Leaning Juniper II Wind Power Facility 2017 Washington Ground Squirrel Monitoring | Gerhart, R., Kronner, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M., Smith, A., Lovich, J., Delaney, D., Ennen, J., Briggs, J., Fleckenstein, L., Tennant, L., Puffer, S., Walde, A., Arundel, T., Price, S., Todd, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
| 15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? | da Costa, G., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? | Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Gielarek, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Reindeer habitat use in relation to two small wind farms, during preconstruction, construction, and operation | Skarin, A., Alam, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
| Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals |