Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Aspects of Large-Scale Wind-Power Systems in the UK Robson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Reindeer and Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Response Towards Human Activities Reimers, E.; Colman, J. Journal Article Avoidance, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Collision, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Calculation of Wind Farm Production Losses via MERRA Data in Consequence of Bat Based Temporary Wind Turbine Shut Downs Raabe, J.; Schorer, T.; Junge, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Modeling the Distribution of Migratory Bird Stopovers to Inform Landscape-Scale Siting of Wind Development Pocewicz, A.; Estes-Zumpf, W.; Andersen, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Increase Wind Turbine - Caused Avian Fatality Estimates Smallwood, K.; Bell, D.; Snyder, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Response to Huso and Erickson's Comments on Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Smallwood, K.; Bell, D.; Karas, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Introduction: Wind-Energy Development and Wildlife Conservation Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Estimating Wind Turbine Caused Bird Mortality Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Fact Sheet: A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions using Ecosystem-Based Management Values WREN Summary Wind Energy
A Description of the Biosis Model to Assess Risk of Bird Collisions with Wind Turbines Smales, I.; Muir, S.; Meredith, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Artificial Wetlands and Surrounding Habitats Provide Important Foraging Habitat for Bats in Agricultural Landscapes in the Western Cape, South Africa Sirami, C.; Jacobs, D.; Cumming, G. Journal Article Bats
Representing the Acquisition and Use of Energy by Individuals in Agent-Based Models of Animal Populations Sibly, R.; Grimm, V.; Martin, B.; et al. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes
Characteristics of Soaring Birds' Spring Migration over Inland SE Bulgaria Shurulinkov, P.; Daskalova, G.; Chakarov, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Raptors, Birds
Determination of Raptor Migratory Patterns Over a Large Landscape Seeland, H.; Niemi, G.; Regal, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Potential Impacts of Wind Farms on Migratory Birds Crossing Spain Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Overlap Between Wind Power Plants and Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Spain Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Diversity of Bats in the Soutpansberg and Blouberg Mountains of Northern South Africa: Complementarity of Acoustic and Non-Acoustic Survey Methods Taylor, P.; Sowler, S.; Schoeman, M.; et al. Journal Article Bats
Using probability of occurrence to assess potential interaction between wind farms and a residual population of golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in NW Spain Tapia, L.; Dominguez, J.; Rodriguez, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Fly-and-Forage Strategy in the Bat Pipistrellus nathusii During Autumn Migration Suba, J.; Petersons, G.; Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Sex-Based Mortality of Common Tern in Farm Collisions Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; Everaert, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
An Analysis of Displacement from Wind Turbines in a Wintering Grassland Bird Community Stevens, T.; Hale, A.; Karsten, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Seasonal Variation in Bat Activity in Relation to Detector Height: A Case Study Staton, T.; Poulton, S. Journal Article Bats
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Bulgaria Spasov, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Dobrev, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Megawatts are not megawatt-hours and other responses to Willis et al. Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Wind Power Company Compliance with Mitigation Plans in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Burrowing Owl Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C.; Morrison, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Nesting Burrowing Owl Density and Abundance in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Mount, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
Optimizing Conservation Strategies for Mexican Free-Tailed Bats: A Population Viability and Ecosystem Services Approach Wiederholt, R.; Lopez-Hoffman, L.; Svancara, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Bats
Using echolocation monitoring to model bat occupancy and inform mitigations at wind energy facilities Weller, T.; Baldwin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
Winter Resource Selection by Mule Deer on the Wyoming-Colorado Border Prior to Wind Energy Development Webb, S.; Dzialak, M.; Kosciuch, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Effects of Beipiao Wind Power Development Planning on Local Birds Ecosystem Wang, L.; Jinghai, Z.; Zhongqiang, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Can the effect of tall structures on birds be isolated from other aspects of development? Walters, K.; Kosciuch, K.; Jones, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Response of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) to Wind-power Development Walter, W.; Leslie, D.; Jenks, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Resident Golden Eagle Ranging Behaviour Before and After Construction of a Windfarm in Argyll Walker, D.; McGrady, M.; McCluskie, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
The insectivorous bat Pipistrellus nathusii uses a mixed-fuel strategy to power autumn migration Voigt, C.; Sorgel, K.; Suba, J.; et al. Journal Article Bats
The Catchment Area of Wind Farms for European Bats: A Plea for International Regulations Voigt, C.; Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Niermann, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R.; Macias-Sanchez, S.; Macgregor-Fors, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Bird-Community Shifts in Relation to Wind Farms: A Case Study Comparing a Wind Farm, Croplands, and Secondary Forests in Southern Mexico Villegas-Patraca, R.; Macgregor-Fors, I.; Ortiz-Martinez, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Birds
GIS-based wind farm site selection using spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA): Evaluating the case for New York State van Haaren, R.; Fthenakis, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota Usgaard, R.; Naugle, D.; Osborn, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Using a Collision Model to Design Safer Wind Turbine Rotors for Birds Tucker, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Abundance and Density of Lesser Prairie-Chickens and Leks in Texas Timmer, J.; Butler, M.; Ballard, W.; et al. Journal Article Birds

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