Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions Rebke, M., Dierschke, V., Weiner, C., Aumuller, R., Hill, K., Hill, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Lighting Birds
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic Lieske, D., Tranquilla, L., Ronconi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Skookumchuck Wind Energy Project Proposed Habitat Conservation Plan and Incidental Take Permit for Marbled Murrelet, Bald Eagle, and Golden Eagle Lewis and Thurston Counties, Washington: Final Environmental Impact Statement Anchor QEA Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Landscape Factors Affecting Foraging Flight Altitudes of Great Blue Heron in Maine; Relevance to Wind Energy Development Dolinski, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
Wozep Ecological Programme: Tussenstand Wozep 2019 Offshore Wind Ecological Programme (Wozep) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Effects of development of wind energy and associated changes in land use on bird densities in upland areas Fernández‐Bellon, D., Wilson, M., Irwin, S., O’Halloran, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2018-2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Tracking Offshore Occurrence of Common Terns, Endangered Roseate Terns, and Threatened Piping Plovers with VHF Arrays Loring, P., Paton, P., McLaren, J., Bai, H., Janaswamy, R., Goyert, H., Griffin, C., Sievert, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Deuel Harvest North Wind Farm Deuel County, South Dakota Simon, S., Welch-Acosta, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Bats
Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan Kikuchi, D., Nakahara, T., Kitamura, W., Yamaguchi, N. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Assess risk of individual turbines to Golden Eagles Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters Rodríguez, A., Arcos, J., Bretagnolle, V., Dias, M., Holmes, N., Louzao, M., Provencher, J., Raine, A., Ramírez, F., Rodríguez, B., Ronconi, R., Taylor, R., Bonnaud, E., Borrelle, S., Cortes, V., Descamps, S., Friesen, V., Genovart, M., Hedd, A., Hodum, P., Humphries, G., Le Corre, M., Lebarbenchon, C., Martin, R., Melvin, E., Montevecchi, W., Pinet, P., Pollet, I., Ramos, R., Russell, J., Ryan, P., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Spatz, D., Travers, M., Votier, S., Wanless, R., Woehler, E., Chiaradia, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Innovation to Commercialization Northeastern University Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Hywind Tampen PUD del II – Konsekvensutredning Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
2018 Post - Construction Monitoring Study Black Oak Getty Wind Project Stearns County, Minnesota Pickle, J., Lombardi, J., Stucker, J., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
2018 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Red Pine Wind Energy Facility Lincoln County, Minnesota Trana, M., Hyzy, B., Pickle, J., Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Modeling spatiotemporal abundance of mobile wildlife in highly variable environments using boosted GAMLSS hurdle models Smith, A., Hofner, B., Lamb, J., Osenkowski, J., Allison, T., Sadoti, G., McWilliams, S., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Review of Raptor Sections of the Bluestone Wind Avian Risk Assessment Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development Meattey, D., McWilliams, S., Paton, P., Lepage, C., Gilliland, S., Savoy, L., Olsen, G., Osenkowski, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results, Annex 1: Summer 2016 to Spring 2017 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A., Robinson Willmott, J., Clough, S., Sweeney, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Annual Report: November 2017 to October 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A., Dominguez Alvarez, N., Arundale, M., Thompson-Allsop, A., Worrall, R., Robinson Willmott, J., Clough, S., Sweeney, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results Equinor Wind US, LLC Annex I: Summer 2016 – Spring 2017 Jervis, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Via Pontica-Myth and Reality for Birds and Wind Turbines Manev, T., Zehtindjiev, P. Guidance Wind Energy Birds
New Creek Wind Project 2018 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Comments on the Call for Information and Nominations for Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore California Aylesworth, S., Krop, L., George, G., Jordan, S., Savage, J., Delfino, K., Amezcua, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Scottish Waters East Region Regional Sectoral Marine Plan Strategic Ornithology Study: final report Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D., Trinder, M., Waggitt, J., Evans, P., Daunt, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife May, R., Masden, E., Bennet, F., Perron, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Modeling effects of crop production, energy development and conservation-grassland loss on avian habitat Shaffer, J., Roth, C., Mushet, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy Lüdeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects – 3.0: Description and assessment of cumulative effects resulting from the implementation of the 2030 Roadmap for Offshore Wind Energy Part C: Summary Rijkswaterstaat Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B., Vigin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Testing efficacy of bird deterrents at wind turbine facilities: a pilot study in Nova Scotia, Canada Dorey, K., Dicky, S., Walker, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Utility-scale wind energy development challenges in Pennsylvania, 2018 Rohrs, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
GoMAMN Strategic Bird Monitoring Guidelines: Waterfowl DeMaso, S., Brasher, M., Gleason, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects 3.0 for the roll-out of offshore wind energy 2030 Sub-report A: Methods Rijkswaterstaat Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2018 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation Moorman, C., Grodsky, S., Rupp, S. Book Marine Energy, Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Evaluation of Wind‐Energy Survey Protocols for Migrating Eagle Detection Chabot, E., Slater, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
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