Bats

Mammals with webbed wings capable of true flight.

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera that can be divided into major groups. Megachiroptera are medium to large-sized bats that typically eat fruit, pollen, or nectar, while some eat small land animals or fish. Microchiroptera are smaller bats that typically eat insects. Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight thanks to their membranous wings and are considered at risk from collision with both land-based and offshore wind turbines.

While little is known about bats’ abilities to avoid artificial structures, they have been observed avoiding offshore wind turbines by increasing their flight altitudes while foraging. However, artificial lighting may attract insects toward wind energy turbines, which may encourage bats to remain in the vicinity. Collision risk remains the most common concern regarding bats and land-based wind and offshore wind energy.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1102
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Post-Construction Meteorological Tower Fatality Study at the Shiloh I Wind Project Site Solano County, California Final Report Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Mating Behavior as a Possible Cause of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Cryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Overview of Issues Related to Bats and Wind Energy Cryan, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
A Radar Study of Nocturnal Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Hatchet Ridge Wind Project, California, Fall 2007 Mabee, T., Sanzenbacher, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds, Bats
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative: 2008 Workshop Proceedings Energetics Incorporated Workshop Article Wind Energy Bats
Field Test Results of a Potential Acoustic Deterrent to Reduce Bat Mortality from Wind Turbines Szewczak, J., Arnett, E. Report Wind Energy Avoidance Bats
Patterns of Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America Arnett, E., Brown, W., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats: Looking into the Problem Edkins, M. Report Wind Energy Seabirds, Raptors, Birds, Bats
A Visual and Acoustic Study of Nocturnal Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Roaring Brook Wind Project, New York, Fall 2007 Mabee, T., Schwab, N. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Puget Sound Energy Wild Horse Wind Facility Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring, First Annual Report: January - December 2007 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Poulton, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines Horn, J., Arnett, E., Kunz, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Probability of Impact Workshop National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Assessing Impacts of Wind-Energy Development on Nocturnally Active Birds and Bats: A Guidance Document Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Cooper, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Bat Species Composition and Activity at the Proposed Glen Dhu Wind Development Site, Pictou County, Nova Scotia Broders, H., Henderson, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Fall 2006 Radar Surveys of Nighttime Migration Activity at the Proposed Windpark in Coos County, New Hampshire by Granite Reliable Power, LLC Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Spring 2007 Radar, Visual, and Acoustic Survey of Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Windpark in Coos County, New Hampshire by Granite Reliable Power, LLC Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh I Wind Power Project Solano County, California Year One Final Report Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Birds, Bats
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in Northwest Massachusetts: 2006 Annual Report Arnett, E., Huso, M., Reynolds, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Prairie Winds: Migrating Bats & Wind Energy in Canada Baerwald, E. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Migration of Bats Past a Remote Island Offers Clues toward the Problem of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Cryan, P., Brown, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
California Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Birds and Bats from Wind Energy Development Anderson, R., Sanders, S., Flint, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Ecological Baseline Studies for the Hatchet Ridge Wind Energy Project, Shasta County, California Young, D. Jr., Johnson, G., Poulton, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: Questions, Research Needs, and Hypotheses Kunz, T., Arnett, E., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats
First records of dead bats (Chiroptera) from wind farms in Croatia Zagmajster, M., Jancar, T., Mlakar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Bats and Offshore Wind Turbines Studied in Southern Scandinavia Ahlén, I., Bach, L., Baagøe, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Results of Bat and Bird Mortality Monitoring at the Expanded Buffalo Mountain Windfarm, 2005 Fiedler, J., Henry, T., Tankersley, R. Jr. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Passerines, Birds, Bats
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2006 Jain, A., Kerlinger, P., Curry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Birds and Wind Farms: Risk Assessment and Mitigation de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Book Wind Energy Birds, Bats
The Possible Effects of Wind Energy on Illinois Birds and Bats Illinois Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Raptors, Birds, Bats
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm: Wildlife Monitoring and Mitigation Plan Portland General Electric Company, Oregon Department of Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Guide to Preparing an EA Registration Document for Wind Power Projects in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Climate Change (Nova Scotia Environment) Guidance Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Puget Sound Energy Hopkins Ridge Wind Project Phase 1 Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring First Annual Report Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Bats Avoid Radar Installations: Could Electromagnetic Fields Deter Bats from Colliding with Wind Turbines? Racey, P., Nicholls, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, EMF Bats
Development of a Cost-Effective System to Monitor Wind Turbines for Bird and Bat Collisions Phase I: Sensor System Feasibility Study Pandey, A., Hermence, J., Harness, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Variation in Bat and Bird Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities: Assessing the Effects of Rotor Size and Tower Height Barclay, R., Baerwald, E., Gruver, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the NWCC Wildlife Workgroup Research Planning Meeting VI Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Post-construction monitoring report for avian and bat mortality at the NPPD Ainsworth Wind Farm Derby, C., Dahl, A., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Renewable Energy Resources and Wildlife: Impacts and Opportunities Arnett, E., Strickland, M., Morrison, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
What is migration? Dingle, H., Alistair, V. Journal Article Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Protocol for Investigating Displacement Effects of Wind Facilities on Grassland Songbirds Erickson, W., Strickland, D., Shaffer, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Passerines, Birds, Bats
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