The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Timing and Weather Offer Alternative Mitigation Strategies for Lowering Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in Ontario | Squires, K.; Thurber, B.; Zimmerling, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
High vulnerability of juvenile Nathusius' pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii) at wind turbines | Kruszynski, C.; Bailey, L.; Bach, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
The Use of Intrinsic Markers for Studying the Migratory Movements of Bats | Brewer, C.; Rauch-Davis, W.; Fraser, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats | |
The Relation between Migratory Activity of Pipistrellus Bats at Sea and Weather Conditions Offers Possibilities to Reduce Offshore Wind Farm Effects | Brabant, R.; Laurent, Y.; Poerink, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Risk evaluation of onshore wind farms in relation to wild duck (Anatidae) movements in the Yangtze River Mouth, China | Zhao, S.; Xu, H.; Zhong, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds | |
Benchmark characterisation and automated detection of wind farm noise amplitude modulation | Nguyen, P.; Hansen, K.; Lechat, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America | Adams, E.; Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site | Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Activity Pattern and Correlation between Bat and Insect Abundance at Wind Turbines in South Sweden | de Jong, J.; Millon, L.; HĂĄstad, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Invertebrates | |
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Year 1 Post-Construction Ornithological Monitoring Report - 2019 | Trinder, M. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds | |
Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays | Verreycken, E.; Simon, R.; Quirk-Royal, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Acoustic deterrents influence foraging activity, flight and echolocation behaviour of free-flying bats | Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Bats | |
A Temporal Boosted YOLO-Based Model for Birds Detection around Wind Farms | Alqaysi, H. ; Fedorov, I. ; Qureshi, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs | Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Underestimated Scale of Songbird Offshore Migration Across the South-Eastern North Sea during Autumn | Brust, V.; HĂĽppop, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines | |
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines | McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway | Oppel, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Bakari, S,; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Pollock, C.; Lane, J.; Buckingham, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessing fatality minimization for hoary bats amid continued wind energy development | Friedenberg, N.; Frick, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey | Tercan, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Documentation of the technical discussion "Anti-collision systems for birds" - A look at the development and testing status | KNE (Kompetenzzentrum Naturschutz und Energiewende) | Report | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm | Josimović, B.; Cvjetić, A.; Manić, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Three-dimensional analysis of bat flight paths around small wind turbines suggests no major collision risk or behavioral changes | Hochradel, K.; Hartmann, S.; Reers, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision | Bats | |
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model | Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation | Nguyen, P.; Hansen, K.; Catcheside, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2021 Update) | American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) | Report | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway | May, R.; Jackson, C.; Middel, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Ecological Baseline Studies of the US Outer Continental Shelf | Willmot, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way | Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine | McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Research Goals for Studying Bat Behavior at the Wind Turbine-scale | Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Is setback distance the best criteria for siting wind turbines under crowded conditions? An empirical analysis | Peri, E.; Tal, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Lighting, Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Reducing bird collision risk per megawatt by introducing longer wind turbine blades | Shimada, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds | |
Experimental and numerical aeroacoustic analysis of an ultrasound whistle | Zeng, Z.; Sharma, A. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats | |
The Role of Regional-Scale Weather Variables in Predicting Bat Mortality and Bat Acoustic Activity: Potential for Use in the Development of Smart Curtailment Algorithms | Farnsworth, A.; Horton, K.; Heist, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Bat Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Hein, C.; Williams, K.; Jenkins, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Cook, A.; Williams, K.; Jenkins, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Changes in flight paths of large-bodied birds after construction of large terrestrial wind turbines | Therkildsen, O.; Balsby, T.; Kjeldsen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Evidence of Absence Regression: A Binomial N-Mixture Model for Estimating Bird and Bat Fatalities at Wind Power Facilities | McDonald, T.; Bay, K.; Studyvin, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds | Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction | Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions | |
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat | Pearse, A.; Metzger, K.; Brandt, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Shorebirds | |
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil | Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation | BirdLife International | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Marine Spatial Planning |
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