The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor Sort ascending | Receptor |
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Summary of Activates and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated system for Protection of Birds, 2021 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds | |
Efficacy and cost of acoustic-informed and wind speed-only turbine curtailment to reduce bat fatalities at a wind energy facility in Wisconsin | Rabie, P.; Welch-Acosta, B.; Nasman, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
Curtailment and acoustic deterrents reduce bat mortality at wind farms | Good, R.; Iskali, G.; Lombardi, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
Simulating Wind Energy Production Effects from Detection-based Smart Curtailment Bat Strategies for Alberta Wind Facilities | Newman, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines | Watson, J.; Keren, I.; Davies, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Raptors | |
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects | Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
A strategic regional Marine Mammal Monitoring Programme for assessing the population consequences of constructing the BOWL and MORL Wind Farm Developments | Thompson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Marine Mammals | |
Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development | True, M.; Reynolds, R.; Ford, W. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets | Garthe, S.; Peschko, V.; Kubetzki, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Mitigation Measures for Wildlife in Wind Energy Development, Consolidating the State of Knowledge — Part 2: Operation, Decommissioning | Gartman, V.; Bulling, L.; Dahmen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
Bat activity and evidence of bat migration at two high elevation passes in the Western Alps | Caprio, E.; Patriarca, E.; Debernardi, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America | Adams, E.; Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
A Temporal Boosted YOLO-Based Model for Birds Detection around Wind Farms | Alqaysi, H. ; Fedorov, I. ; Qureshi, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Review of seabird monitoring technologies for offshore wind farms | Nicholls, A.; Barker, M.; Armitage, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Coastal onshore wind turbines lead to habitat loss for bats in Northern Germany | Reusch, C.; Lozar, M.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Bird and Bird Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects | Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites | Ellerbrok, J.; Delius, A.; Peter, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study | Keating, J.; Barlow, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Marine Mammals | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration? | Homoya, W.; Moore, J.; Ruhl, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Shorebirds, Birds | |
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California | Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
A Review of the Impacts of Wind Farms on Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus and an Estimation of Collision Avoidance Rates | Whitfield, D.; Madders, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Deriving an Avoidance Rate for Swans Suitable for Onshore Wind Farm Collision Risk Modelling | Whitfield, D.; Urquhart, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review | Rees, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew | Jiguet, F.; Schwemmer, P.; Rousseau, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer | Jakle, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Site wind right: Identifying low-impact wind development areas in the Central United States | Hise, C.; Obermeyer, B.; Ahlering, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones | Gall, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Conservation: Tracking bats around wind turbines | O'Mara, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns | Aurbach, A.; Schmid, B.; Liechti, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Passerines | |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables | Iberdrola Renewables | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Breeding and Overland Flight of Red- Throated Divers (Gavia stellata) at Smøla, Norway, in relation to the Smøla wind farm | Halley, D.; Hopshaug, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles: Modelling Collision Risk Using Vantage Point Observations in Smøla Wind-Power Plant | May, R.; Hoel, P.; Langston, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles Modelling Kernel-Based Collision Risk Using Satellite Telemetry Data in Smøla Wind-Power Plant | May, R.; Nygård, T.; Dahl, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada | Calvert, A.; Bishop, C.; Elliot, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Are Flying Wildlife Attracted to (or do they Avoid) Wind Turbines? | Larkin, R. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius’ pipistrelle at the southern North Sea during autumn migration | Lagerveld, S.; Wilkes, T.; van Puijenbroek, M.; et al. | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Bats | ||
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Year 1 Post-Construction Ornithological Monitoring Report - 2019 | Trinder, M. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds | |
New insights into the influence of turbines on the behaviour of migrant birds: implications for predicting impacts of offshore wind developments on wildlife | Willmott, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002-2012 | Hull, C.; Sims, C.; Stark, E.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns in the North Sea increases with turbine density | van Bemmelen, R.; Leemans, J.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
BatTool: projecting bat populations facing multiple stressors using a demographic model | Wiens, A.; Schorg, A.; Szymanski, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities | May, R.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? | Peschko, V.; Schwemmer, H.; Mercker, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in proximity of operating wind turbines | Ellerbrok, J.; Farwig, N.; Peter, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Bats | |
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors |
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