The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation | European Commission | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Cumulative Noise Impacts to Marine Mammals from Offshore Wind Development and Operations | Southall, B.; Rosenbaum, H. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
SEER Factsheet | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway | Zhao, S.; Xu, H.; Song, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
How to strive for balance of coastal wind energy development with waterbird conservation in the important coastal wetlands, a case study in the Chongming Islands of East China | Li, B.; Yuan, X.; Chen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems | Squires, J.; Olson, L.; Wallace, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Identifying areas of wetland and wind turbine overlap in the south-central Great Plains of North America | Heintzman, L.; Auerbach, E.; Kilborn, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mercker, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities | May, R.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development | Kirol, C.; Smith, K.; Graf, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Simmons, R.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Colyn, R.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site | Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles | |
Effects of wind energy production on a threatened species, the Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli, with and without mitigation | Lemaître, J.; Lamarre, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Seabird distribution in 3D: assessing risk from offshore wind energy generation | Schatz Energy Research Center | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility | LeBeau, C.; Kauffman, M.; Smith, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe | Coppes, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Grunschachner-Berger, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting | Bats, Birds | |
Behavioral Response of Grouse to Wind Energy Turbines: A Quantitative Review of Survival, Habitat Selection, and Lek Attendance | LeBeau, C.; Howlin, S.; Tredennick, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool | Schaffeld, T.; Schnitzler, J.; Ruser, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective | Nazir, M.; Ali, N.; Bilal, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation | Cook, S.; Palmer, G.; Hill, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines | Erfort, G.; von Backström, T.; Venter, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States | Allison, T.; Diffendorfer, J.; Baerwald, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish | |
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review | Coppes, J.; Braunisch, V.; Bollmann, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse nesting ecology: wind energy and habitat | Proett, M.; Roberts, S.; Horne, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Deuel Harvest North Wind Farm Deuel County, South Dakota | Simon, S.; Welch-Acosta, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Bats | |
Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan | Kikuchi, D.; Nakahara, T.; Kitamura, W.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Raptors | |
FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: INNOVATION TO COMMERCIALIZATION | Northeastern University | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters | Rodríguez, A.; Arcos, J.; Bretagnolle, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain | Pescador, M.; Ramírez, J.; Peris, S. | Journal Article | Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Population-Level Effects of Wind Farms on a Desert Lizard | Keehn, J.; Shoemaker, K.; Feldman, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Reptiles | |
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region | Loesch, C.; Walker, J.; Reynolds, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Negative long term effects on harbour porpoises from a large scale offshore wind farm in the Baltic—evidence of slow recovery | Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Negative Long Term Effects on Harbour Porpoises from a Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic - Evidence of Slow Recovery | Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms | Marine Scotland Science; Scottish Government; UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds |
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