Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options Cooperman, A., Eberle, A., Lantz, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Combining offshore wind farms, nature conservation and seafood: Lessons from a Dutch community of practice Steins, N., Veraart, J., Klostermann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
International policy, recommendations, actions and mitigation efforts of anthropogenic underwater noise Chou, E., Southall, B., Robards, M. Journal Article Noise
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean Duarte, C., Chapuis, L., Collin, S. Journal Article Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Strategic Environmental Assessment and the precautionary principle in the spatial planning of wind farms – European experience in Serbia Josimović, B., Cvjetić, A., Furundžić, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C., Rolek, B., Dunn, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Context-dependent variability in the predicted daily energetic costs of disturbance for blue whales Pirotta, E., Booth, C., Cade, D. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor Murgatroyd, M., Bouten, W., Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
What’s love got to do with it? Understanding local cognitive and affective responses to wind power projects Russell, A., Firestone, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment Orkney Islands Council Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
An investigation into the potential for wind turbines to cause barotrauma in bats Lawson, M., Jenne, D., Thresher, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Changes in feeding behavior of longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) during laboratory exposure to pile driving noise Jones, I., Peyla, J., Clark, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
The Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Hydrodynamics and Implications for Fishes van Berkel, J., Burchard, H., Christensen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Fish
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries Gill, A., Degraer, S., Lipsky, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
The Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms Hutchison, Z., Secor, D., Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Acoustic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Fishery Resources: An Evolving Source and Varied Effects Across a Wind Farm’s Lifetime Mooney, T., Andersson, M., Stanley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned Carey, D., Wilber, D., Read, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Energy and Benthic Habitat Changes: Lessons from Block Island Wind Farm Hutchison, Z., Bartley, M., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farm Artificial Reefs Affect Ecosystem Structure and Functioning: A Synthesis Degraer, S., Carey, D., Coolen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Projects and Fisheries: Conflict and Engagement in the United Kingdom and the United States Haggett, C., ten Brink, T., Russell, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Considerations for Offshore Wind Energy Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries in the United States: A Review of Existing Studies, New Efforts, and Opportunities for Innovation Perry, R., Heyman, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Wind Development in the Northeast US Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological, Human, and Fishery Management Dimensions Methratta, E., Hawkins, A., Hooker, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Advancing the U.S. Offshore Renewable Energy Industry Through Marine Renewable and Offshore Wind Energy Development Gorton, A., Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind
Human impact on highly mobile cetaceans: the use of biotelemetry data to inform ocean management Evert, M. Thesis Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm Halouani, G., Villanueva, C-M., Raoux, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J., Jeavons, R., Deakin, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Migratory and diurnal activity of North Atlantic killer whales (Orcinus orca) off northern Norway Dietz, R., Rikardsen, A., Biuw, M. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas Crespo, G., Mossop, J., Dunn, D. Journal Article Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
An integrated GIS approach for site selection of floating offshore wind farms in the Atlantic continental European coastline Díaz, H., Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Public preferences for wind farms involving electricity trade and citizen engagement in Ireland Brennan, N., Van Rensburg, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Beyond the beach: Tradeoffs in tourism and recreation at the first offshore wind farm in the United States Smythe, T., Bidwell, D., Moore, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
How loud is the underwater noise from operating offshore wind turbines? Tougaard, J., Hermannsen, L., Madsen, P. Journal Article Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A., Gorton, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Cumulative effects of marine renewable energy and climate change on ecosystem properties: Sensitivity of ecological network analysis Noguès, Q., Raoux, A., Araignous, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Accelerating Energy Innovation for the Blue Economy The Economist Intelligence Unit Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Echolocating bats accumulate information from acoustic snapshots to predict auditory object motion Salles, A., Diebold, C., Moss, C. Journal Article Bats
Levelised cost of energy, A challenge for offshore wind Johnston, B., Foley, A., Doran, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessing land use and potential conflict in solar and onshore wind energy in Japan Obane, H., Nagai, Y., Asano, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
An analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of wind energy deployment in Europe Ortega-Izquierdo, M., del Rio, P. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Validation of a Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport Modeling Framework for the Evaluation of Offshore Wind Farms Jones, C., Chang, G., Magalen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Impact of the use of offshore wind and other marine renewables on European fisheries Stelzenmüller, V., Gimpel, A., Letschert, J. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Year-round acoustic patterns of dolphins and interaction with anthropogenic activities in the Sicily Strait, central Mediterranean Sea Papale, E., Alonge, G., Grammauta, R. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The human dimensions of a green–green-dilemma:​ Lessons learned from the wind energy — wildlife conflict in Germany Straka, T., Fritze, M., Voigt, C. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The regional economic impacts of offshore wind energy developments in Scotland Connolly, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Low-carbon lock-in? Exploring transformative innovation policy and offshore wind energy pathways in the Netherlands van der Loos, A., Negro, S., Hekkert, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sediment Deposition Following Construction of a Breakwater Harbor: Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, Rhode Island, USA Oakley, B., Murphy, C., Lee, K. Journal Article Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions
Experimental Investigation of Scour Prediction Methods for Offshore Tripod and Hexapod Foundations Ni, X., Xue, L. Journal Article Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
A survey of the visual impact and community acceptance of wind farms in Australia Lothian, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Being a Better Neighbor: A Value-Based Perspective on Negotiating Acceptability of Locally-Owned Wind Projects van der Waal, E., van der Windt, H., Botma, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data

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