Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting Annex IV and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and Annex IV metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. More entries will load as you scroll down.

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Title	Author*	Date**	Type of Content	Technology Types	Stressors	Receptors
Practical implementation of auditory time and frequency weighting in marine bioacoustics	Tougaard, J., Beedholm, K.	February 2019	Journal Article	N/A	Noise	N/A
Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife	May, R., et al.	January 2019	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	N/A	Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance	Fredianelli, L., Carpita, S., Licitra, G.	January 2019	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Noise	Socio-economics
The determinants of wind energy growth in the United States: Drivers and barriers to state-level development	Schumacher, K., Yang, Z.	December 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Socio-economics, Legal and Policy
A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions	Taormina, B., et al.	November 2018	Journal Article	N/A	EMF, Static Device	N/A
Emissions from corrosion protection systems of offshore wind farms: Evaluation of the potential impact on the marine environment	Kirchgeorg, T., et al.	November 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Chemicals	N/A
Effects of development of wind energy and associated changes in land use on bird densities in upland areas	Fernández‐Bellon, D., et al.	October 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds
Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation	Skarin, A., Sandström, P, Alam, M.	October 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	Terrestrial Mammals
Valuing the visual impact of wind farms: A calculus method for synthesizing choice experiments studies	Wen, C., et al.	October 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	Static Device	Socio-economics, Aesthetics
Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf	Kelsey, E., et al.	September 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland	Balotari-Chiebao, F., et al.	September 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Appendix M-1 Biological Assessment for Project Icebreaker	EDR, D.P.C.	September 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Ecosystem
Final Environmental Assessment LEEDCo Project Icebreaker Lake Erie, City of Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio	Parker, R., et al.	September 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance	Barre, K., et al.	August 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Bats
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility	McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T.	August 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Wind turbine impact on near-ground air temperature	Moravec, D., et al.	August 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	Farfield Environment
Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable	Wyman, M., et al.	August 2018	Journal Article	N/A	EMF	Fish
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms	Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., et al.	August 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Bats, Birds
Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk?	Apoznanski, G., et al.	August 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Bats
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR	Cook, A., et al.	August 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Seabirds
A Summary of Bat Fatality Data in a Nationwide Database	Allison, T., Butryn, R.	July 2018	Report	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device	Bats
Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction	Raoux, A., et al.	July 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Ecosystem
An Overview of Offshore Wind Energy Resources in Europe Under Present and Future Climate	deCastro, M., et al.	July 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment	Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A.	July 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device	Birds, Seabirds
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark	Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J.	July 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Passerines
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Guidance for Commercial Wind Energy Projects	Minnesota Department of Natural Resources	July 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	N/A
Zooplankton Community Responses and the Relation to Environmental Factors from Established Offshore Wind Farms within the Rudong Coastal Area of China	Wang, T., et al.	July 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Nearfield Habitat
Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010	Ryon, T., Brenda, B.	June 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines	Watson, J., Keren, I, Davies, R.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps	Aonghais, S., et al.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds
How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration?	Tanskanen, A., et al.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device	Birds
Using residential proximity to wind turbines as an alternative exposure measure to investigate the association between wind turbines and human health	Barry, R., Sulsky, S., Kreiger, N.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Noise	N/A
International experiences with opposition to wind energy siting decisions: lessons for environmental and social appraisal	Cashmore, M., et al.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	Static Device	Socio-economics
2018 State of the Sector Report: Marine Renewable Energy in Canada	Marine Renewables Canada	June 2018	Report	Marine Energy general, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Genetic Mark-Recapture Improves Estimates of Maternity Colony Size for Indiana Bats	Oyler-McCance, S., et al.	June 2018	Journal Article	N/A	N/A	Bats
Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck	Martin, B., et al.	June 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany	Brandt, M., et al.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Noise	Marine Mammals
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines	Krone, O., Treu, G.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2018	Rodrigues, L.	May 2018	Conference Paper	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device, Static Device	Bats
A portfolio model for siting offshore wind farms with economic and environmental objectives	Cranmer, A., et al.	May 2018	Journal Article	Marine Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Ecosystem, Socio-economics
Flight Response to Spatial and Temporal Correlates Informs Risk from Wind Turbines to the California Condor	Poessel, S., et al.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Site Selection for Offshore Wind Farms in the Southwest Coast of South Korea	Kim, C., Jang, S., Kim, T.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
The utility of point count surveys to predict wildlife interactions with wind energy facilities: An example focused on golden eagles	Sur, M., et al.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice	Faulkner, R., Merchant, N., Martinez, R.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Noise	Fish, Marine Mammals
The impact of on-shore and off-shore wind turbine farms on property prices	Jensen, C., et al.	May 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Socio-economics
Predator attack rates and anti-predator behavior of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Southern California wind farms, USA	Keehn, J., Feldman, C.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	N/A
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy	Sinclair, K., et al.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind	N/A	Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Risk of whale encounters with offshore renewable energy mooring lines and electrical cables	Copping, A., Grear, M., Sanders, G.	April 2018	Presentation	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Marine Mammals
Estimating wind turbine fatalities using integrated detection trials	Smallwood, K. Shawn, et al.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds
The Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Emissions of a Typical Offshore Wind Farm in China	Yang, J., et al.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Chemicals	Socio-economics, Climate Change
A Socio-Technical Framework for Examining the Consequences of Deforestation: A Case Study of Wind Project Development in Northern Europe	Enevoldsen, P.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Socio-economics
Wind Turbine Sensor Array for Monitoring Avian and Bat Collisions	Hu, C., Albertani, R., Suryan, R.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device	Bats, Birds
Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar	Aschwanden, J., et al.	April 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds, Passerines
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study	Skov, H., et al.	April 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds, Seabirds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2017/2018	Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P.	April 2018	Report	Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Waterfowl
Ecological Impact of Airborne Wind Energy Technology: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Agenda	Bruinzeel, L., et al.	April 2018	Book Chapter	Wind Energy general	Dynamic Device	Birds
Generic monitoring programme for monitoring watercourses in relation to onshore wind farm developments	Marine Scotland Science	April 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	N/A
Scoping advice on information required in environmental impact assessment reports in relation to assessing risk to freshwater and diadromous fish and associated fisheries	Marine Scotland Science	April 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Fish, Fishing
Windpower and reindeer	Strand, O., et al.	March 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	Terrestrial Mammals
Wave and Tidal Energy: Environmental Effects	Iglesias, G., et al.	March 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave	N/A	Farfield Environment, Nearfield Habitat
Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed	Wellig, S., et al.	March 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Bats
Raptor Interactions with Wind Energy: Case Studies from Around the World	Watson, R., et al.	March 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds, Raptors
Eagle Take Minimization System	Petr, R., Knag, J., Laufer, E.	March 2018	Report	Wind Energy general	N/A	Birds, Raptors
A Multi-National Project Management Framework Audit of a European Union Marine Spatial Planning Project	Sangiuliano, S.	March 2018	Report	N/A	N/A	Socio-economics
Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm	RPS Group	March 2018	Website	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Black Guillemot Ecology in Relation to Tidal Stream Energy Generation: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Information Gaps	Johnston, D., et al.	March 2018	Journal Article	Marine Energy general, Tidal	N/A	Birds, Seabirds
Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot	Millon, L., et al.	March 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	Bats, Nearfield Habitat
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model	Warwick-Evans, V., et al.	March 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device, Static Device	Birds, Seabirds
Collision sensitive niche profile of the worst affected bird-groups at wind turbine structures in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany	Bose, A., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Birds
Appendix L-2 WEST Bird and Bat Annual Report 2018	Gordon, C., et al.	February 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Bats, Birds
Numerical modelling of the flight behaviour of bats to estimate the collision risk with wind turbines	Muller, C.	February 2018	Thesis	N/A	N/A	Bats
Appendix E-2 LimnoTech Report - Results of 2017 Aquatic Sampling	LimnoTech	February 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Benthic Invertebrates, Fish
The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach	Roach, M., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Socio-economics
Tracing regime shifts in the provision of coastal-marine cultural ecosystem services	Gee, K., Burkhard, B.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental implications of offshore energy	Gill, A., et al.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Capturing benefits	Hooper, T., Ashley, M., Austen, M.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Marine spatial planning and stakeholder collaboration	Brooks, P., Jedele, T.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement
Co-locating offshore wind farms and marine protected areas	Ashley, M., et al.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics
The future of marine spatial planning	Bradshaw, C., Greenhill, L., Yates, K.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
Compatibility of offshore energy installations with marine protected areas	Thurstan, R., Yates, K., O'Leary, B.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Ecosystem
Meaningful stakeholder participation in marine spatial planning with offshore energy	Yates, K.	February 2018	Book Chapter	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa	Jenkins, A., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds, Waterfowl
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments	Laranjeiro, T., May, R., Verones, F.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Dynamic Device	Bats, Birds
Underwater Assessment of Anthropogenic Noise Sources Using a Field Recording Method	Fernandez, A.	February 2018	Journal Article	N/A	Noise	N/A
Male Greater Prairie-Chickens Adjust their Vocalizations in the Presence of Wind Turbine Noise	Whalen, C., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Noise	Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel)	Raoux, A., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Ecosystem, Socio-economics, Climate Change
Obligations and Aspirations: A Critical Evaluation of Offshore Wind Farm Cumulative Impact Assessments	Willsteed, E., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Farfield Environment
First in situ evidence of wakes in the far field behind offshore wind farms	Platis, A., et al.	February 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device	Farfield Environment
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 1 - October 15, 2017	Good, R., et al.	January 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Bats
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus	Thaxter, C., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device	Birds, Seabirds
Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (SMCDA) toolbox for Consensus-based Siting of Powerlines and Wind-power plants (ConSite)	Hanssen, F., et al.	January 2018	Report	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	N/A
At the Heart of a Sustainable Energy Transition: The Public Acceptability of Energy Projects	Perlaviciute, G., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement
Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management	Ölçer, A., et al.	January 2018	Book	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	N/A
On the Multi-Scale Interactions Between an Offshore-Wind-Turbine Wake and the Ocean-Sediment Dynamics in an Idealized Framework - A Numerical Investigation	Nagel, T., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Energy Removal	Farfield Environment
Bird Killer, Industrial Intruder or Clean Energy? Perceiving Risks to Ecosystem Services Due to an Offshore Wind Farm	Klain, S., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics
Meteorological and Environmental Variables Affect Flight Behaviour and Decision-Making of an Obligate Soaring Bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus	Poessel, S., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	N/A	N/A	Birds, Raptors
Offshore wind zoning in China: Method and experience	Ou, L., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Socio-economics
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden	Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T., Rosenqvist, G.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Fish
Living in Habitats Affected by Wind Turbines May Result in an Increase in Corticosterone Levels in Ground Dwelling Animals	Łopucki, R., et al.	January 2018	Journal Article	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	N/A	Terrestrial Mammals
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus)	da Costa, G., et al.	January 2018	Book Chapter	Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind	Static Device	Terrestrial Mammals

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