Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Impacts generated by the materials used in offshore wind technology on Human Health, Natural Environment and Resources Rueda-Bayona, J.; Eras, J.; Chaparro, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets de Vasconcelos, R.; Silva, L.; Gonzalez, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives Msigwa, G.; Ighalo, J.; Yap, P-S. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Commercial cuttlefish exposed to noise from offshore windmill construction show short-range acoustic trauma Solé, M.; De Vreese, S.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Environmental impact assessment framework for offshore wind energy developments based on the marine Good Environmental Status Abramic, A.; Cordero-Penin, V.; Haroun, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
To fly or not to fly? Comparing vantage point and uncrewed aerial vehicle surveys for assessments of seabird abundance and fine-scale distribution Costagliola-Ray, M.; Lieber, L.; Nimmo-Smith, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Public dialogue as a collaborative planning process for offshore wind energy projects: Implications from a text analysis of a South Korean case Park, S.; Yun, S.; Cho, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol Ferrer, M.; Alloing, A.; Baumbush, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Visual evaluations of wind turbines: Judgments of scenic beauty or of moral desirability? Kirchhoff, T.; Ramisch, K.; Feucht, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
“We could have been leaders”: The rise and fall of offshore wind energy on the political agenda in Ireland Roux, J-P.; Fitch-Roy, O.; Devine-Wright, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Event detection for avian and bat wildlife on wind turbine blades Drachnik, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Environmental Impact Assessment for the decommissioning of offshore wind farms Hall, R.; Topham, E.; João, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect Voigt, C.; Kaiser, K.; Look, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Assessing elements of energy justice in Colombia: A case study on transmission infrastructure in La Guajira Vega-Araujo, J.; Heffron, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E.; Florent, S.; Venosta, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
NABat ML: Utilizing deep learning to enable crowdsourced development of automated, scalable solutions for documenting North American bat populations Khalighifar, A.; Gotthold, B.; Adams, E.; et al. Journal Article Bats
Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review Festa, F.; Ancillotto, L.; Santini, L.; et al. Journal Article Bats
Quantifying the land-based opportunity carbon costs of onshore wind farms Albanito, F.; Roberts, S.; Shepherd, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore and coastline migration of radio-tagged Nathusius' pipistrelles Bach, P.; Voigt, C.; Göttsche, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Regional representation of wind stakeholders’ end-of-life behaviors and their impact on wind blade circularity Walzberg, J.; Cooperman, A.; Watts, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Mapping the collision risk between two gull species and offshore wind turbines: Modelling and validation Mikami, K.; Kazama, K.; Kazama, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
The Ongoing Conflict between Offshore Wind Farms and the Fishing Industry in the North Sea Reckhaus, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of California Commercial Fisheries from 2005 to 2019 and Potential Overlap with Offshore Wind Energy Development Wang, Y-H.; Walter, R.; White, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Detection of Habitat Shifts of Cetacean Species: A Comparison Between 2010 and 2017 Habitat Suitability Conditions in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Chavez-Rosales, S.; Josephson, E.; Palka, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Do views of offshore wind energy detract? A hedonic price analysis of the Block Island wind farm in Rhode Island Dong, L.; Lang, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Distance to hedgerows drives local repulsion and attraction of wind turbines on bats: Implications for spatial siting Leroux, C.; Kerbiriou, C.; Le Viol, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Assessing the Impact of Offshore Wind Power Deployment on Fishery: A Synthetic Control Approach Shimada, H.; Asano, K.; Nagai, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Global environmental cost of using rare earth elements in green energy technologies Golroudbary, S.; Makarava, I.; Kraslawski, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
A Monte-Carlo based 3-D ballistics model for guiding bat carcass surveys using environmental and turbine operational data Prakash, S.; Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Drivers and energy justice implications of renewable energy project siting in the United States O’Shaughnessy, E.; Wiser, R.; Hoen, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Conceptualisation of multiple impacts interacting in the marine environment using marine infrastructure as an example Komyakova, V.; Jaffrés, J.; Strain, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction Invertebrates
Hawkeye State Headwinds: A Case Study of Local Opposition and Siting Challenges for Large Scale Wind Development in Iowa Kelly, C.; Nelson, S.; Herter, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
End of Life Materials Mapping for Offshore Wind in Scotland Bennet, L.; Spyroudi, A.; Stevenson, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites Ellerbrok, J.; Delius, A.; Peter, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
A framework for categorizing the interactions of offshore windfarms and fisheries Stokesbury, K.; Fay, G.; Griffin, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
A review of support tools to assess multi-sector interactions in the emerging offshore Blue Economy Turschwell, M. P.; Hayes, M. A.; Lacharite, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
“After the leases are signed, it's a done deal”: Exploring procedural injustices for utility-scale wind energy planning in the United States Elmallah, S.; Rand, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls Delina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Particle motion observed during offshore wind turbine piling operation Sigray, P.; Linne, M.; Andersson, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
State-of-the-art review of the flexibility and feasibility of emerging offshore and coastal ocean energy technologies in East and Southeast Asia Li, M.; Luo, H.; Zhou, S.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Development of a Novel Physiology Tag to Measure Oxygen Consumption in Free-Ranging Seabirds McKnight, C.; Bogdanova, M.; Butler, A.; et al. Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Offshore wind farms contribute to epibenthic biodiversity in the North Sea ter Hofstede, R.; Driessen, F.; Elzinga, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions Scholz, C.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Invertebrates

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