Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Benchmark characterisation and automated detection of wind farm noise amplitude modulation Nguyen, P., Hansen, K., Lechat, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
An echosounder view on the potential effects of impulsive noise pollution on pelagic fish around windfarms in the North Sea Kok, A., Bruil, L., Berges, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
The contribution of ocean-based solutions to carbon reduction in China Feng, C., Ye, G., Jiang, Q. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Threading a moving needle: The spatial dimensions characterizing US offshore wind policy drivers Russell, A., Bingaman, S., Garcia, H-M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Bayesian network modelling provides spatial and temporal understanding of ecosystem dynamics within shallow shelf seas Trifonova, N., Scott, B., De Dominicis, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Introduction of New Offshore Wind Farm Structures: Effects on Fish Ecology SEER Summary Wind Energy Habitat Change Fish
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy Noise
Risk to Marine Life from Marine Debris & Floating Offshore Wind Cable Systems SEER Summary Wind Energy Entrapment
Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy Development SEER Summary Wind Energy
Benthic Disturbance from Foundations, Anchors, and Cables SEER Summary Wind Energy Habitat Change
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Effects on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy EMF
Vessel Collision: Effects on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy
Assessing fatality minimization for hoary bats amid continued wind energy development Friedenberg, N., Frick, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea Pollock, C., Lane, J., Buckingham, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Cumulative impact assessments can show the benefits of integrating land-based management with marine spatial planning Loiseau, C., Thiault, L., Devillers, R. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
What is the value of innovative offshore renewable energy deployment to the UK economy? Cochrane, C., Pennock, S., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Comprehensive comparison of multiple renewable power generation methods: A combination analysis of life cycle assessment and ecological footprint Gao, C., Zhu, S., An, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R., Jackson, C., Middel, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Socio-economic impact of a 200 MW floating wind farm in Gran Canaria Schallenberg-Rodriguez, J., Inchausti-Sintes, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Integration of sustainability, stakeholder and process approaches for sustainable offshore wind farm decommissioning Spielmann, V., Brey, T., Dannheim, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E., Cook, A., McCluskie, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A practical wind farm siting framework integrating ecosystem services — A case study of coastal China Xing, L., Wang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation Nguyen, P., Hansen, K., Catcheside, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm Kämmerle, J., Taubmann, J., Andrén, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G., Tamis, J., Volwater, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Abundance and behavior of little egrets (Egretta garzetta) near an onshore wind farm in Chongming Dongtan, China Xu, H., Zhao, S., Song, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Behavioural reactions of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena to startle-eliciting stimuli: movement responses and practical applications Hiley, H., Janik, V., Götz, T. Journal Article Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Commercial and Research Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf of the New York Bight Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Short Science Summary: White Storks in Europe Onshore Wind Energy WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C., Oteri, F., Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Research Goals for Studying Bat Behavior at the Wind Turbine-scale Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Potential effects of underwater noise from wind turbines on the marbled rockfish (Sebasticus marmoratus) Zhang, X., Guo, H., Chen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Brazil's offshore wind energy potential assessment based on a Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Vinhoza, A., Schaeffer, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Auditory impairment from acoustic seal deterrents predicted for harbour porpoises in a marine protected area Findlay, C., Aleynik, D., Farcas, A. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C., Rolek, B., Braham, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Residency, demographics, and movement patterns of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis in an offshore wind energy development area in southern New England, USA Quintana-Rizzo, E., Leiter, S., Cole, T. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Effects Assessment for Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington: Environmental Effects Assessment Severy, M., Overhus, D., Tugade, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entrapment, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine spatial planning on Crete Island, Greece: methodological and implementation issues Rempis, N., Tsilimigkas, G. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Sustainable energy planning for remote islands and the waste legacy from renewable energy infrastructure deployment Kouloumpis, V., Yan, X. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Scott, K., Harsanyi, P., Easton, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Environmental Stratification Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Carpenter, J., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Workgroup Report on Sound and Vibration Effects on Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Popper, A., Hice-Dunton, L., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Bat Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Hein, C., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Sea Turtle Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Gitschlag, G., Perry, R., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Reptiles
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Cook, A., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B., Morse, L., Williams, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Benthos Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Degraer, S., Hutchison, Z., LoBue, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment

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