Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Kitty Hawk North Wind Avangrid Renewables Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Beacon Wind BP; Equinor Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Park City Wind Avangrid Renewables; Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP) Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
SkipJack Wind Ørsted; General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Firefly Floating Wind Farm Equinor Project Site Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South EDF Renewable Energy; Shell Renewables and Energy Solutions; Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Empire Wind BP; Equinor; Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Ocean Wind 1 PSEG Power; Ørsted; General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Revolution Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Sunrise Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
South Fork Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Overview of the development and application of wind energy in New Zealand Zhang, Z.; Liu, X.; Zhao, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
WILDetect: An intelligent platform to perform airborne wildlife census automatically in the marine ecosystem using an ensemble of learning techniques and computer vision Kuru, K.; Clough, S.; Ansell, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats Leroux, C.; Le Viol, I.; Valet, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Impacts of offshore wind power development on China's marine economy and environment: A study from 2006 to 2019 Liu, G.; Kong, Z.; Sun, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Does renewable electricity promote Indigenous sovereignty? Reviewing support, barriers, and recommendations for solar and wind energy development on Native lands in the United States Grosse, C.; Mark, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
United States offshore wind energy atlas: availability, potential, and economic insights based on wind speeds at different altitudes and thresholds and policy-informed exclusions von Krauland, A-K.; Long, Q.; Enevoldsen, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Energy efficiency and environmental impacts of horizontal small wind turbines in Austria Zajicek, L.; Drapalik, M.; Kral, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
A wind of change in Norway: Explaining shifts in municipal stances on wind power by policy feedback and energy justice Eikeland, P.; Taranger, K.; Inderberg, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Environmental life cycle assessment of a novel offshore wind energy design project: A United States based case study Moussavi, S.; Barutha, P.; Dvorak, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Grouse and Land-Based Wind Energy Development in the United States ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Wind turbine power and land cover effects on cumulative bat deaths Moustakas, A.; Georgiakakis, P.; Kret, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Revealing the ecological impact of low-speed mountain wind power on vegetation and soil erosion in South China: A case study of a typical wind farm in Yunnan Ma, B.; Yang, J.; Chen, X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment
Remotely sensed evidence of the divergent climate impacts of wind farms on croplands and grasslands Liu, N.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, H.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change
A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea Ma, C.; Stelzenmüller, V.; Rehren, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring for Onshore Wind Energy Facilities in Emerging Market Countries: Good Practice Handbook and Decision Support Tool International Finance Corporation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Empire Offshore Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Integration criteria of offshore wind farms in the landscape: Viewpoints of local inhabitants Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Tsoutsos, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Do recent renewable energy policy changes in Ireland satisfy the requirements of a nascent wave energy technology development sector? Barry, C.; Ringwood, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
A Comparison of the European Regulatory Framework for the deployment of Offshore Renewable Energy Project Moscoloni, C.; Carà, C.; Novo, R.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Co-designing a multi-criteria approach to ranking hazards to and from Australia’s emerging offshore blue economy Turschwell, M. P.; Brown, C.; Lacharite, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Towards blue growth: Multi-use possibilities for the development of emerging sectors in the Brazilian sea Weiss, C.; Bonetti, J.; Scherer, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zimmermann, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Physical Environment, Water Quality
Is Maritime Spatial Planning a tool to mitigate the impacts of underwater noise? A review of adopted and upcoming maritime spatial plans in Europe Bosi, S.; Ramieri, E.; Picciulin, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Economic Impacts of Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations for the Protection of Bat Populations in Ontario Thurber, B.; Kilpatrick, R.; Tang, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Reanalysis indicates little evidence of reduction in eagle mortality rate by automated curtailment of wind turbines Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Why municipalities reject wind power: A study on municipal acceptance and rejection of wind power instalments in Sweden Lindvall, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Questionnaire Results and Recommendations Farr, H.; Ryan, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Floating offshore wind farms in Mediterranean marine protected areas: a cautionary tale Lloret, J.; Wawrzynkowski, P.; Dominguez-Carrió, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Responsible Practices for Regional Wildlife Monitoring and Research in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development Regional Synthesis Workgroup of the Environmental Technical Working Group Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Windfarm and Wildfire: Spatial ecology of an endangered freshwater turtle in a recovering landscape Delay, S.; Urguhart, O.; Litzgus, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Reptiles
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E.; Gerber, J.; Ray, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Agricultural landowner perspectives on wind energy development in Alberta, Canada: insights from the lens of energy justice and democracy Chewinski, M.; Anders, S.; Parkins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Government intervention and technological innovation in the wind power industry in China: The role of industrial environmental turbulence Jiang, Z.; Shi, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms challenges the reliability of ICES-coordinated fish surveys—insights from the Baltic Sea Haase, S.; von Dorrien, C.; Kaljuste, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Impact of siting ordinances on land availability for wind and solar development Lopez, A.; Cole, W.; Sergi, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions

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