Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting Annex IV and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and Annex IV metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. More entries will load as you scroll down.
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| Title | Author* |
Date** |
Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors | Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life cycle environmental impacts of wind energy technologies: A review of simplified models and harmonization of the results | Mendecka, B., Lombardi, L. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Hidden outlaws in the forest? A legal and spatial analysis of onshore wind energy in Germany | Bunzel, K., et al. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Justice, social exclusion and indigenous opposition: A case study of wind energy development on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico | Zárate-Toledo, E., Patiño, R., Fraga, J. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| The memory of place disruption, senses, and local opposition to Korean wind farms | Kim, E., Chung, J. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Aesthetics, Legal and Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Sustainability and tourism: the effect of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the vacation rental market | Carr-Harris, A., Lang, C. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Aesthetics |
| Europe, China and the United States: Three different approaches to the development of offshore wind energy | deCastro, M., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Where should wind energy be located? A review of preferences and visualisation approaches for wind turbine locations | Hevia-Koch, P., Ladenburg, J. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Aesthetics |
| Acoustic characterization of sensors used for marine environmental monitoring | Cotter, E., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Past, present and future environmental footprint of the Danish wind turbine fleet with LCA_WIND_DK, an online interactive platform | Besseau, R., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment |
| The post-normal politics and science of wind power planning: Evidence from a Danish near-shore wind farm tender | Johansen, K., Upham, P. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Why does the offshore wind industry need standardized HSE management systems? An evidence from Denmark | Ahsan, D., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Sustainably reconciling offshore renewable energy with Natura 2000 sites: An interim adaptive management framework | Le Lièvre, C. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| A modelling approach for offshore wind farm feasibility with respect to ecosystem-based marine spatial planning | Pınarbaşı, K., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Who influences windpower licensing decisions in Norway? Formal requirements and informal practices | Inderberg, T., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The integrated offshore grid in Europe: Exploring challenges for regional energy governance | Dedecca, J., Hakvoort, R., Herder, P. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Is wind energy increasing the impact of socio-ecological change on Mediterranean mountain ecosystems? Insights from a modelling study relating wind power boost options with a declining species | Ferreira, D., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Passerines |
| Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B., Halpin, P. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Installing Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Quieter: A Performance Overview of the First Full-Scale Demonstration of the AdBm Underwater Noise Abatement System | Elzinga, J., et al. | May 2019 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | N/A |
| Assessing the Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Seabird Foraging Guilds Along the East Coast of the United States | Goodale, M,, Milman, A., Griffin, C. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Artificial reefs facilitate tropical fish at their range edge | Paxton, A., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Nearfield Habitat |
| Characterizing the first wave of fish and invertebrate colonization on a new offshore petroleum platform | Todd, V., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Nearfield Habitat |
| Characterizing the benthic community in Maryland’s offshore wind energy areas using a towed camera sled: Developing a method to reduce the effort of image analysis and community description | Cruz-Marrero, W., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Nearfield Habitat |
| A three-dimensional underwater sound propagation model for offshore wind farm noise prediction | Lin, Y., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | N/A |
| Carbon or Cash: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Environmental and Economic Messages on Attitudes about Wind Energy in the United States | Peterson, D., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Renewable energy from the high seas: Geo-spatial modelling of resource potential and legal implications for developing offshore wind projects beyond the national jurisdiction of coastal States | Elsner, P., Suarez, S. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The economic geography of variable renewable energy and impacts of trade formulations for renewable mandates | Bistline, J., Santen, N., Young, D. | May 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Current status of wind energy policy in Poland | Gnatowska, R., Moryn-Kucharczyk, E. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions | Rebke, M., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Lighting | Birds |
| Social construction of risk in non-conventional renewable energy: Risk perception as a function of ecosystem services in La Araucanía, Chile | Cordoves-Sánchez, M., Vallejos-Romero, A. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China’s Gobi desert | Xu, K., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Ecosystem |
| Combined Exploitation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy in the Italian Seas: A Spatial Planning Approach | Azzellino, A., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S. | Ryan, K., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Biases in the Literature on Direct Wildlife Mortality from Energy Development | Loss, S., Dorning, M., Diffendorfer, J. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | N/A |
| A smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities | Hayes, M., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Toward a Common Understanding of Ocean Multi-Use | Schupp, M., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Assessing the cumulative exposure of wildlife to offshore wind energy development | Wing Goodale, M., Milman, A. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Effects of established offshore wind farms on energy flow of coastal ecosystems: A case study of the Rudong offshore wind farms in China | Wang, J., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Ecosystem |
| Are magnetic and electromagnetic fields of anthropogenic origin potential threats to early life stages of fish? | Fey, D., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | EMF | Fish |
| Globalization in the wind energy industry: contribution and economic impact of European companies | Lacal-Arántegui, R. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics |
| The implications for visual simulation and analysis of temporal variation in the visibility of wind turbines | Bishop, I. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Aesthetics |
| Assessing the cumulative exposure of wildlife to offshore wind energy development | Goodale, M., Milman, A. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Ecosystem |
| Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Assess the Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy | Pezy, J., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Offshore Wind | N/A | Farfield Environment, Nearfield Habitat |
| Wind Farm Effects on Migratory Flight of Swans and Foraging Distribution at Their Stopover Site | Moriguchi, S., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Land-Based Wind | N/A | Shorebirds |
| Automatic Bird Identification for Offshore Wind Farms | Niemi, J., Tanttu, J. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Camera-Trapping Versus Conventional Methodology in the Assessment of Carcass Persistence for Fatality Estimation at Wind Farms | Rosa, L., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Estimating the Potential Mortality of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) Due to Wind Energy Development on the Island of Crete (Greece) | Xirouchakis, S., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Raptors |
| The Role of Adaptive Management in the Wind Energy Industry | Copping, A., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Lost in Bias? Multifaceted Discourses Framing the Communication of Wind and Wildlife Research Results: The PROGRESS Case | Weber, J., Biehl, J., Köppel, J. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Land-Based Wind | N/A | Legal and Policy |
| A Pioneer in Transition: Horizon Scanning of Emerging Issues in Germany's Sustainable Wind Energy Development | Köppel, J., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Impact of the establishment of US offshore wind power on neodymium flows | Fishman, T., Graedel, T. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Meta-Analysis of Finfish Abundance at Offshore Wind Farms | Methratta, E., Dardick, W. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Updated Scientific Recommendations for Residual Hearing Effects | Southhall, B., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Benthic effects of offshore renewables: identification of knowledge gaps and urgently needed research | Dannheim, J., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates |
| Environmental impact analysis of power generation from biomass and wind farms in different locations | Gao, C., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Wildlife Mortality at Wind Facilities: How We Know What We Know How We Might Mislead Ourselves, and How We Set Our Future Course | Huso, M. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | N/A |
| Avoidance Behaviour of Migrating Raptors Approaching an Offshore Wind Farm | Jacobsen, E., Jensen, F., Blew, J. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Offshore Wind | N/A | Raptors |
| Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan | Kikuchi, D., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| The First Large-Scale Offshore Aerial Survey Using a High-Resolution Camera System | McGovern, S., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Exploring landowners' post-construction changes in perceptions of wind energy in Michigan | Mills, S., Bessette, D., Smith, H. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting XII | PNWWRM XII | March 2019 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general | N/A | N/A |
| An evidence-based approach to specifying survey effort in ecological assessments of bat activity | Richardson, S., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Wind and Energy Wildlife Impacts | Bispo, R., et al. | March 2019 | Book | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Consideration of scales in offshore wind environmental impact assessments | Ryan, K., Danylchuk, A., Jordaan, A. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| The impact of wind turbines on local recreation: Evidence from two travel cost method-contingent behavior studies | Kipperberg, G., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| Overview and trends of ecological and socioeconomic research on artificial reefs | Lima, J., Zalmon, I., Love, M. | March 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Nearfield Habitat |
| Marine Renewable Energy Clustering in the Mediterranean Sea: The Case of PELAGOS Project | Soukissian, T., Adamopoulos, C., Prospathopoulos, A. | February 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The Behavioural and Physiological Effects of Pile-driving Noise on Marine Species | Corbett, W. | February 2019 | Thesis | N/A | Noise | Benthic Invertebrates |
| Comprehensive life cycle assessment of large wind turbines in the US | Alsaleh, A., Sattler, M. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development | Meattey, D., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds | Marques, A.,, et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Raptors |
| On the Potential Impact of Lake Erie Wind Farms on Water Temperatures and Mixed‐Layer Depths: Some Preliminary 1‐D Modeling Using COHERENS | Afsharian, S., Taylor, P. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Energy Removal | Farfield Environment |
| Life-cycle green-house gas emissions of onshore and offshore wind turbines | Wang, S., Wang, S., Jinxiang, L. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Feeding home ranges of pacific coast feeding group gray whales | Lagerquist, B., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Practical implementation of auditory time and frequency weighting in marine bioacoustics | Tougaard, J., Beedholm, K. | February 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | Noise | N/A |
| Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain | Pescador, M., Ramírez, J., Peris, S. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Comparing offshore and onshore wind development considering acceptance costs | Hevia-Koch, P., Jacobsen, H. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Regional variation in public acceptance of wind energy development in Europe: What are the roles of planning procedures and participation? | Suskevics, M., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.) | Mendel, B., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Environmental and social impacts of wind energy: a view point with reference to India | Gawande, A., Chaudhry, P. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | N/A |
| Via Pontica-Myth and Reality for Birds and Wind Turbines | Manev, T., Zehtindjiev, P. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Winds of change – Predicting water-based recreationists' support and opposition for offshore wind energy development in the Great Lakes | Ferguson, M., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| The contingent valuation study of the wind farm Búrfellslundur - Willingness to pay for preservation | Einarsdóttir, S., Cook, D., Davíðsdóttir, B. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Wind Power Deployment as a Stressor for Ecosystem Services: A Comparative Case Study from Germany and Sweden | Lauf, T., et al. | February 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics |
| The influence of wind turbine visibility on the health of local residents: a systematic review | Freiberg, A., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Lighting, Noise | Socio-economics, Aesthetics |
| Mineral raw material requirements and associated climate-change impacts of the French energy transition by 2050 | Beylot, A., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife | May, R., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals |
| A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance | Fredianelli, L., Carpita, S., Licitra, G. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Socio-economics |
| Life Cycle Analysis of Ecological Impacts of an Offshore and a Land-Based Wind Power Plant | Piasecka, I., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Renewable energy selection for net-zero energy communities: Life cycle based decision making under uncertainty | Karunathilake, H., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | N/A |
| Population-Level Effects of Wind Farms on a Desert Lizard | Keehn, J., Shoemaker, K., Feldman, C. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Nearfield Habitat |
| Endogenous cycles, activity patterns and energy expenditure of an intertidal fish is modified by artificial light pollution at night (ALAN) | Pulgar, J., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | Lighting | Fish |
| Wave energy drives biotic patterns beyond the surf zone: Factors influencing abundance and occurrence of mobile fauna adjacent to subtropical beaches | Schultz, A., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Chains of trust: Energy justice, public engagement, and the first offshore wind farm in the United States | Dwyer, J., Bidwell, D. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume III: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts | Sheppard, C. | January 2019 | Book | N/A | Noise | Birds, Ecosystem, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Fishing, Legal and Policy |
| Environmental Effects of Marine Transportation | Walker, T., et al. | January 2019 | Book Chapter | N/A | N/A | Navigation |
| The Mangrove Ecosystem | Primavera, J., et al. | January 2019 | Book Chapter | N/A | N/A | Ecosystem |
| Global Status of Coral Reefs: In Combination, Disturbances and Stressors Become Ratchets | Birkeland, C. | January 2019 | Book Chapter | N/A | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates |
| Status and Trends for the World’s Kelp Forests | Wernberg, T., et al. | January 2019 | Book Chapter | N/A | N/A | Ecosystem |
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