Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting Annex IV and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and Annex IV metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. More entries will load as you scroll down.
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| Title | Author* |
Date** |
Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors | Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Considerations for upscaling individual effects of wind energy development towards population-level impacts on wildlife | May, R., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals |
| The determinants of wind energy growth in the United States: Drivers and barriers to state-level development | Schumacher, K., Yang, Z. | December 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions | Taormina, B., et al. | November 2018 | Journal Article | N/A | EMF, Static Device | N/A |
| Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf | Kelsey, E., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Out of sight of wind turbine-Reindeer response to wind farms in operation | Skarin, A., Sandström, P, Alam, M. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Terrestrial Mammals |
| Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland | Balotari-Chiebao, F., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility | McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Wind turbine impact on near-ground air temperature | Moravec, D., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Farfield Environment |
| Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable | Wyman, M., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | N/A | EMF | Fish |
| Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms | Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk? | Apoznanski, G., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| A Summary of Bat Fatality Data in a Nationwide Database | Allison, T., Butryn, R. | July 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment | Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A. | July 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark | Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. | July 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Passerines |
| Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010 | Ryon, T., Brenda, B. | June 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines | Watson, J., Keren, I, Davies, R. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps | Aonghais, S., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration? | Tanskanen, A., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Using residential proximity to wind turbines as an alternative exposure measure to investigate the association between wind turbines and human health | Barry, R., Sulsky, S., Kreiger, N. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Noise | N/A |
| International experiences with opposition to wind energy siting decisions: lessons for environmental and social appraisal | Cashmore, M., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Static Device | Socio-economics |
| 2018 State of the Sector Report: Marine Renewable Energy in Canada | Marine Renewables Canada | June 2018 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Genetic Mark-Recapture Improves Estimates of Maternity Colony Size for Indiana Bats | Oyler-McCance, S., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Bats |
| Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck | Martin, B., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany | Brandt, M., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines | Krone, O., Treu, G. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2018 | Rodrigues, L. | May 2018 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats |
| A portfolio model for siting offshore wind farms with economic and environmental objectives | Cranmer, A., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Ecosystem, Socio-economics |
| Flight Response to Spatial and Temporal Correlates Informs Risk from Wind Turbines to the California Condor | Poessel, S., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Site Selection for Offshore Wind Farms in the Southwest Coast of South Korea | Kim, C., Jang, S., Kim, T. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| The utility of point count surveys to predict wildlife interactions with wind energy facilities: An example focused on golden eagles | Sur, M., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Marine Noise Budgets in Practice | Faulkner, R., Merchant, N., Martinez, R. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Predator attack rates and anti-predator behavior of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Southern California wind farms, USA | Keehn, J., Feldman, C. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | N/A |
| Resolving environmental effects of wind energy | Sinclair, K., et al. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Risk of whale encounters with offshore renewable energy mooring lines and electrical cables | Copping, A., Grear, M., Sanders, G. | April 2018 | Presentation | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| Estimating wind turbine fatalities using integrated detection trials | Smallwood, K. Shawn, et al. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds |
| The Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Emissions of a Typical Offshore Wind Farm in China | Yang, J., et al. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Socio-economics, Climate Change |
| A Socio-Technical Framework for Examining the Consequences of Deforestation: A Case Study of Wind Project Development in Northern Europe | Enevoldsen, P. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Wind Turbine Sensor Array for Monitoring Avian and Bat Collisions | Hu, C., Albertani, R., Suryan, R. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar | Aschwanden, J., et al. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Passerines |
| ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study | Skov, H., et al. | April 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2017/2018 | Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P. | April 2018 | Report | Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Waterfowl |
| Windpower and reindeer | Strand, O., et al. | March 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Terrestrial Mammals |
| Wave and Tidal Energy: Environmental Effects | Iglesias, G., et al. | March 2018 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | N/A | Farfield Environment, Nearfield Habitat |
| Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed | Wellig, S., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Raptor Interactions with Wind Energy: Case Studies from Around the World | Watson, R., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Raptors |
| Eagle Take Minimization System | Petr, R., Knag, J., Laufer, E. | March 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm | RPS Group | March 2018 | Website | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Black Guillemot Ecology in Relation to Tidal Stream Energy Generation: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Information Gaps | Johnston, D., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot | Millon, L., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats, Nearfield Habitat |
| Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Collision sensitive niche profile of the worst affected bird-groups at wind turbine structures in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany | Bose, A., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Numerical modelling of the flight behaviour of bats to estimate the collision risk with wind turbines | Muller, C. | February 2018 | Thesis | N/A | N/A | Bats |
| The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach | Roach, M., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Socio-economics |
| Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa | Jenkins, A., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Waterfowl |
| Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments | Laranjeiro, T., May, R., Verones, F. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Underwater Assessment of Anthropogenic Noise Sources Using a Field Recording Method | Fernandez, A. | February 2018 | Journal Article | N/A | Noise | N/A |
| Male Greater Prairie-Chickens Adjust their Vocalizations in the Presence of Wind Turbine Noise | Whalen, C., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds |
| Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel) | Raoux, A., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Ecosystem, Socio-economics, Climate Change |
| Obligations and Aspirations: A Critical Evaluation of Offshore Wind Farm Cumulative Impact Assessments | Willsteed, E., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Farfield Environment |
| Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 1 - October 15, 2017 | Good, R., et al. | January 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (SMCDA) toolbox for Consensus-based Siting of Powerlines and Wind-power plants (ConSite) | Hanssen, F., et al. | January 2018 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | N/A |
| At the Heart of a Sustainable Energy Transition: The Public Acceptability of Energy Projects | Perlaviciute, G., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management | Ölçer, A., et al. | January 2018 | Book | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) | da Costa, G., et al. | January 2018 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Terrestrial Mammals |
| Biodiversity and Wind Farms in Portugal: Current Knowledge and Insights for an Integrated Impact Assessment Process | Mascarenhas, M., et al. | January 2018 | Book | Wind Energy general | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals |
| On the Multi-Scale Interactions Between an Offshore-Wind-Turbine Wake and the Ocean-Sediment Dynamics in an Idealized Framework - A Numerical Investigation | Nagel, T., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Energy Removal | Farfield Environment |
| Bird Killer, Industrial Intruder or Clean Energy? Perceiving Risks to Ecosystem Services Due to an Offshore Wind Farm | Klain, S., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Meteorological and Environmental Variables Affect Flight Behaviour and Decision-Making of an Obligate Soaring Bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus | Poessel, S., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Offshore wind zoning in China: Method and experience | Ou, L., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden | Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T., Rosenqvist, G. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Fish |
| Living in Habitats Affected by Wind Turbines May Result in an Increase in Corticosterone Levels in Ground Dwelling Animals | Łopucki, R., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Terrestrial Mammals |
| U.S. Geological Survey - Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2017 | Khalil, M. | December 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general | N/A | Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals |
| A New Wave of Marine Evidence-Based Management: Emerging Challenges and Solutions to Transform Monitoring, Evaluating, and Reporting | Addison, P., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Farfield Environment |
| Bird collision with power lines: estimating carcass persistence and detection associated with ground search surveys | Borner, L., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds |
| Do birds in flight respond to (ultra)violet lighting? | May, R., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Minimum Noise Wind Turbine | Al-Hamidi, H., Asfar, J. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | Noise | N/A |
| The Effects of Wind Power on Birds and Bats: An Updated Synthesis Report | Rydell, J., et al. | December 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Will Communities "Open-Up" to Offshore Wind? Lessons Learned from New England Islands in the United States | Klain, S., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| How Green is 'Green' Energy? | Gibson, L., Wilman, E., Laurance, W. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Riverine, Wind Energy general | N/A | Farfield Environment |
| Bird Detection and Species Classification with Time-Lapse Images around a Wind Farm: Dataset Construction and Evaluation | Yoshihashi, R., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Taiwanese white dolphins and offshore wind farms | Tougaard, J., Mikaelsen, M. | December 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| 2016-2017 Status Assessment and Update on the Wind Vision Roadmap | DeMeo, E. | November 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors |
| The sustainable worldwide offshore wind energy potential: A systematic review | Keivanpour, S., Ramudhin, A., Kadi, D. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| Bats probe the aerosphere during landscape-guided altitudinal flights | Voigt, C., Roeleke, M., Bumrungsri, S. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Increasing Evidence that Bats Actively Forage at Wind Turbines | Hale, A., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Understanding the Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices on Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), A Low Frequency Cetacean | McGarry, T., et al. | November 2017 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Factors Associated with Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in the United States | Thompson, M., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Applying citizen-science data and mark–recapture models to estimate numbers of migrant Golden Eagles in an Important Bird Area in eastern North America | Dennhardt, A., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Birds, Raptors |
| Public Participation in Wind Energy Projects Located in Germany: Which Form of Participation is the Key to Acceptance? | Langer, K., Decker, T., Menrad, K. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| East Anglia ONE North Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report | ScottishPower Renewables | November 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | N/A |
| East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report | ScottishPower Renewables | November 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Bird migration monitoring in the Saint Nikola Wind Farm, Kaliakra region, in autumn 2017, and an analysis of potential impact after eight years of operation | Zehtindjiev, P. | November 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm | Mclean, N., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals |
| Method to Estimate the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Maslov, N., et al. | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Aesthetics |
| Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sourced Electric Production for the Province of Sinop/Turkey | Alcan, Y. | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Northeast Offshore Wind Regional Market Characterization: A Report for the Roadmap Project for Multi-State Cooperation on Offshore Wind | Grace, R., et al. | October 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| Industrial Wind Turbine Post-Construction Bird and Bat Monitoring: A Policy Framework for Canada | Parisé, J., Walker, T. | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| U.S. Job Creation in Offshore Wind: A Report for the Roadmap Project for Multi-State Cooperation on Offshore Wind | BVG Associates | October 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics |
| From Agricultural Benefits to Aviation Safety: Realizing the Potential of Continent-Wide Radar Networks | Bauer, S., et al. | October 2017 | Journal Article | N/A | N/A | Birds |
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