The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Project Environmental Monitoring Plan: Kincardine Offshore Windfarm Project | Kincardine Offshore Wind Ltd | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Second Annual Report Fourth Interim Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies | Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Improving visual biodiversity assessments of motile fauna in turbid aquatic environments | Jones, R.; Griffin, R.; Rees, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | ||
Synopsis of Research Programs that can Provide Baseline and Monitoring Information for Offshore Energy Activities in the Pacific Region: Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys in the Pacific Region | Adams, J.; Lafferty, K.; Kelsey, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Guidelines for Providing Information on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles for Renewable Energy Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Guidance | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) | Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B.; Halpin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling | Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island | HDR | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Feeding home ranges of pacific coast feeding group gray whales | Lagerquist, B.; Palacios, D.; Winsor, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
A Framework for Studying the Effects of Offshore Wind Development on Marine Mammals and Turtles | Kraus, S.; Kenney, R.; Thomas, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Construction of the Vineyard Wind Offshore Wind Project | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches | Wochner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Best Management Practices for North Atlantic Right Whales During Offshore Wind Energy Construction and Operations Along the U.S. East Coast | Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results, Annex 1: Summer 2016 to Spring 2017 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goulding, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Annual Report: November 2017 to October 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goulding, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Winter 2018-2019 Digital Survey #11 | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results Equinor Wind US, LLC Annex I: Summer 2016 – Spring 2017 | Jervis, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Improving understanding of bottlenose dolphin movements along the east coast of Scotland (Interim Report 2019) | Arso Civil, M.; Louis, M.; Hague, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Comments on the Call for Information and Nominations for Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore California | Aylesworth, S.; Krop, L.; George, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy | Lüdeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
MERiFIC 3.3.2: Grey Seal Population Surveys of the Isles of Scilly and Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise | Witt, M. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Harbor Seals & Harbor Porpoises-Pile Driving: Detection, Behavioral Response and TTS | Kastelein, R. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
A Protocol for Implementing the Interim Population Consequences of Disturbance (PCoD) approach: Quantifying and Assessing the Effects of UK Offshore Renewable Energy Developments on Marine Mammal Populations | Booth, C.; Donovan, C.; King, S.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Marine Mammals | ||
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary | Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Attraction | Marine Mammals | |
Short-Term Disturbance by a Commercial Two-Dimensional Seismic Survey does Not Lead to Long-Term Displacement of Harbour Porpoises | Thompson, P.; Brookes, K.; Graham, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Marine Renewable Energy: A Global Review of the Extent of Marine Renewable Energy Developments, the Developing Technologies and Possible Conservation Implications for Cetaceans | James, V. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling | Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Attraction | Marine Mammals | |
User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment | Scott-Hayward, L.; Oedekoven, C.; Mackenzie, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Marine Mammals, Birds | ||
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings | US Army Corps of Engineers | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project EIA Scoping Report Statoil Wind Limited (SWL) | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study | Keating, J.; Barlow, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Marine Mammals | |
Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds | Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds | Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types | Marmo, B.; Roberts, I.; Buckingham, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Windpark SeaStar Milieueffectenrapport | International Marine and Dredging Consultants | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Current state of knowledge of effects of offshore renewable energy generation devices on marine mammals & research requirements | Thompson, D.; Hall, A.; Lonergan, M.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Mid-Atlantic Marine Wildlife Surveys, Modeling, and Data: Workshop to Establish Coordination & Communication | Brown-Saracino, J.; Smith, C.; Gilman, P. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Effects of Pile-Driving on Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the First Offshore Wind Farm in Germany | Dähne, M.; Gilles, A.; Lucke, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Visual Observations for Birds, Turtles, and Marine Mammals at the University of Maine Test Site near Monhegan, Maine. | Kennedy, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions | ||
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment | Dong Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale | Braasch, A.; Joost, M.; Ketzer, C. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Danish Offshore Wind Key Environmental Issues - A Follow-up | Danish Energy Agency; Danish Nature Agency; Dong Energy; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
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