Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Risk to Marine Life from Marine Debris & Floating Offshore Wind Cable Systems SEER Summary Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy Development SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Benthic Disturbance from Offshore Wind Foundations, Anchors, and Cables SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Electromagnetic Field Effects on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Introduction of New Offshore Wind Farm Structures: Effects on Fish Ecology SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
Presence of Vessels: Effects of Vessel Collision on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Tethys Wind Fact Sheet Tethys Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Block Island Wind Farm Ørsted; GE Wind Energy Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) Dominion Energy; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Moray East Offshore Wind Farm Diamond Green Limited; Ocean Winds; Three Gorges Dam; et al. Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Alpha Ventus Deutsche Offshore - Testfeld und Infrastructur; Adwen Offshore; Senvion Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Hornsea 2 Offshore Wind Farm Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Ocean Wind 1 PSEG Power; Ørsted; General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Vineyard Wind 1 Avangrid Renewables; Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP); General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Firefly Floating Wind Farm Equinor Project Site Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Empire Wind BP; Equinor; Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Revolution Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
South Fork Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Park City Wind Avangrid Renewables; Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP) Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Kitty Hawk North Wind Avangrid Renewables Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Beacon Wind BP; Equinor Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Hornsea 1 Wind Farm Ørsted Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Sunrise Wind Eversource; Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm Ørsted; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South EDF Renewable Energy; Shell Renewables and Energy Solutions; Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
SkipJack Wind Ørsted; General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Icebreaker Wind Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo); Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Bluepoint Wind Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP); Ocean Winds Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Humber Gateway RWE Renewables (RWE); Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Maryland Offshore Wind (MarWin) US Wind; General Electric Company Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Rampion Offshore Wind Enbridge Rampion Uk Ltd; Equitix Limited; RWE Renewables (RWE); et al. Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Gwynt y Môr RWE Renewables (RWE); Siemens Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Equinor; Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Fact Sheet: Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy to Population Impacts on Wildlife WREN Summary Wind Energy
WREN Poster WREN Summary Wind Energy
Short Science Summary: Offshore Wind Farms as Stepping Stones for Non-indigenous Species WREN Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Short Science Summary: Collision Risk Modeling – A Tool for Assessing Risks to Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Short Science Summary: The Likelihood of Bats Experiencing Barotrauma Near Moving Wind Turbine Blades WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Short Science Summary: The Mitigation Hierarchy WREN Summary Wind Energy
Short Science Summary: Raptor Monitoring and Minimization Technologies WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Short Science Summary: European Grouse and Wind Energy Development WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development WREN Summary Wind Energy Birds
ECO Wind Factsheet ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
SEER Factsheet SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Short Science Summary: White Storks in Europe Onshore Wind Energy WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Fact Sheet: A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions using Ecosystem-Based Management Values WREN Summary Wind Energy
Summary of Bats and Land-Based Wind Energy Development in the United States and Canada ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Raptors and Land-Based Wind Energy in the United States ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors

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