Fact Sheet: A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions using Ecosystem-Based Management Values

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In the context of land-based and offshore wind energy development, Risk-Based Management (RBM) examines the potential negative effects on birds, bats, terrestrial wildlife, marine mammals, other marine organisms and the habitats or migratory pathways that support them. RBM has the potential to ensure that wildlife protection measures are focused on the factors that pose the highest risks, while maximizing the production of energy.

The risk-based approach that most closely addresses aspects of the complex ecosystems that make up the landscapes/seascapes of wind energy development is Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). EBM includes effects of human activities as well as environmental and ecological factors, using approaches that embrace holistic methods to include human needs and effects in an integrated view for managing resources sustainably.

The Risk-Based Management Fact Sheet was created to provide a broad summary of the IEA Wind White Paper on A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The State of the Birds United States of America 2009 North American Bird Conservation Initiative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
An Ecological Risk Assessment of Wind Energy Development in Montana Martin, B., Pearson, A., Bauer, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative: 2008 Workshop Proceedings Energetics Incorporated Workshop Article Wind Energy Bats
A Report on the Perceptions of the Fishing Industry into the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on their Work Patterns and Income Mackinson, S., Curtis, H., Brown, R., McTaggart, K., Taylor, N., Neville, S., Rogers, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Impacts on Biodiversity of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources: The Example of Birds and Bats Hötker, H., Thomsen, K., Jeromin, H. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Wildlife Monitoring Studies: SeaWest Windpower Project, Carbon County, Wyoming: 1995-1999 Johnson, G., Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Derby, C., Strickland, D., Good, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Raptors, Birds, Bats
Altamont Avian Plan: Status Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service By the Consortium of Altamont Owners Richard Curry Associates Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
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