The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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How to strive for balance of coastal wind energy development with waterbird conservation in the important coastal wetlands, a case study in the Chongming Islands of East China | Li, B.; Yuan, X.; Chen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Satellite telemetry and digital aerial surveys show strong displacement of red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) from offshore wind farms | Heinänen, S.; Zydelis, R.; Kleinschmidt, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat | Pearse, A.; Metzger, K.; Brandt, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Shorebirds | |
Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review | Bat, L.; Sezgin, M.; Sahin, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of offshore wind farms on birds: "Cuisinarts of the sky" or just tilting at windmills? | Tingley, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs | Searle, K.; Mobbs, D.; Butler, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea | Welcker, J.; Nehls, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2020-2021 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds in Winter 2019-2020 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs | Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia | Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds | |
Lake Erie Monitoring Plan for the Offshore Wind Project: Icebreaker Wind | LimnoTech | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report | Stucker, J.; Carlisle, J.; Pham, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing | Negro, V.; del Campo, J.; Luengo Frades, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | |
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Red-throated Diver Displacement | Ellis, I.; Ward, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds | Searle, K.; O'Brien, S.; Jones, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds | |
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement | Dirksen, S.; Coppack, T.; Searle, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Long-term impact on the breeding birds of a semi-offshore island-based wind farm in Ă…land, Northern Baltic Sea | Tanskanen, A.; Yrjola, R.; Oja, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Displacement | Birds, Shorebirds | |
No Evidence for Displacement of Wintering Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) (Anseriformes) at a Wind Farms Area in Northeast Bulgaria: Long-term Monitoring Results | Zahtindjiev, P.; Vasilev, V.; Marinov, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Upland Breeding Birds at an Operational Wind Farm | Douglas, D.; Bellamy, P.; Pearce-Higgins, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Shorebirds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Approaching Population Thresholds in Presence of Uncertainty: Assessing Displacement of Seabirds from Offshore Wind Farms | Busch, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review | Rees, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Green Dilemma of Wind Farm on Avifauna: Future Ecological Considerations of Wind Energy Expansion in Ethiopia | Mulualem, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay | Monfils, M.; Gehring, J. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Gray, C.; et al. | Report | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | ||
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report | Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Predicting the Displacement of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra from Benthic Feeding Areas Due to Offshore Windfarms | Kaiser, M.; Elliott, A.; Galanidi, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects | Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms | Maclean, I.; Skov, H.; Rehfisch, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 | Duckworth, J.; Green, J.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands | Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Tijsen, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark | Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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