Short Science Summary: The Likelihood of Bats Experiencing Barotrauma Near Moving Wind Turbine Blades

Turbine

In October 2018, the International Energy Agency Wind Task 34—Working Together to Resolve the Environmental Effects of Wind Energy (WREN)—organized a virtual forum to discuss the likelihood of bats experiencing barotrauma when flying near moving wind turbine blades. The forum included experts in bat biology and physiology, bat and wind turbine interactions, wind turbine technology, and atmospheric sciences. This educational brief, produced by WREN under IEA Wind, summarizes the discussion during the forum and written comments from those who could not attend. Relevant literature was used to provide additional context when needed. A list of the references used to develop this summary is available here. 

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Calculation of Wind Farm Production Losses via MERRA Data in Consequence of Bat Based Temporary Wind Turbine Shut Downs Raabe, J., Schorer, T., Junge, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Integrating applied ecology and planning policy: the case of micro-turbines and wildlife conservation Park, K., Turner, A., Minderman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana Good, R., Sonnenberg, M., Simon, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Pre-Construction Impact Assessment of Wind Development on Bats: Grande Prairie Wind Project, Holt County, Nebraska Midwest Wind Energy, LLC. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Nations, C., Lout, M., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Using Species Distribution Modelling to Predict Bat Fatality Risk at Wind Farms Santos, H., Rodrigues, L., Jones, G., Rebelo, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
Noctule Bats and Wind Turbines Burrows, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Characterising the Impacts of Emerging Energy Development on Wildlife, with an Eye Towards Mitigation Northrup, J., Wittemyer, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities Hayes, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting IX PNWWRM IX Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
A Quantitative Method to Analyze the Quality of EIA Information in Wind Energy Development and Avian/Bat Assessments Chang, T., Nielsen, E., Auberle, W., Solop, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Bird and Bat Responses to Wind Energy Development in Iowa Gillespie, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Three Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Landscape Level Bat Population Monitoring Whitby, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Assessment of bat and avian mortality at a pilot wind turbine at Coega, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa Doty, A., Martin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Fly-and-Forage Strategy in the Bat Pipistrellus nathusii During Autumn Migration Suba, J., Petersons, G., Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Factors Influencing Bat Activity and Mortality at a Wind Farm in the Mediterranean Region Amorim, F., Rebelo, H., Rodrigues, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in North-Eastern Greece Georgiakakis, P., Kret, E., Carcamo, B., Doutau, D., Kafkaletou-Diez, A., Vasilakis, D., Papadatou, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J., Allison Costello, E., Gordon, C., Forcey, G., Casto, S., Beaulac, G., Pilla, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Bat fatalities at two wind farms in Tasmania, Australia: bat characteristics, and spatial and temporal patterns Hull, C., Cawthen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
A retrospective tiered Environmental Assessment of the Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility, West Virginia, USA Efroymson, R., Day, R., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bat Mortality at a Wind Power Facility in Central Canada Jameson, J., Willis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Avian and Bat Protection Plan Including Bird and Bat Conservation Strategies and an Eagle Conservation Plan: New Era Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
An Update on the Status of Red Bats, Lasiurus blossevillii and Lasiurus borealis, in British Columbia Nagorsen, D., Paterson, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines Cryan, P., Jameson, J., Baerwald, E., Willis, C., Barclay, R., Snider, E., Crichton, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Wildlife from Wind Energy Development in Arizona Arizona Game and Fish Department Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Bat Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility in Southeastern Wisconsin Grodsky, S., Jennelle, C., Drake, D., Virzi, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Do you hear what I hear? Implications of detector selection for acoustic monitoring of bats Adams, A., Jantzen, M., Hamilton, R., Fenton, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M., Kahlert, J., Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Hermosa West Wind Energy Project Draft EIS - Appendix F: Bat Acoustical Studies Taylor, K., Solick, D., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Bats
The Catchment Area of Wind Farms for European Bats: A Plea for International Regulations Voigt, C., Popa-Lisseanu, A., Niermann, I., Kamer-Schadt, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R., Macias-Sanchez, S., Macgregor-Fors, I., Munoz-Robles, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Experimental Evidence for the Effect of Small Wind Turbine Proximity and Operation on Bird and Bat Activity Miderman, J., Pendlebury, C., Pearce-Higgins, J., Park, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Wind and Wildlife in the Northern Great Plains: Identifying Low-Impact Areas for Wind Development Fargione, J., Kiesecker, J., Slaats, M., Olimb, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Sveti Nikola Wind Farm Bat Monitoring Report 2011 RSK Group Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Fixing wind power's bat problem Kumagai, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
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