In October 2018, the International Energy Agency Wind Task 34—Working Together to Resolve the Environmental Effects of Wind Energy (WREN)—organized a virtual forum to discuss the likelihood of bats experiencing barotrauma when flying near moving wind turbine blades. The forum included experts in bat biology and physiology, bat and wind turbine interactions, wind turbine technology, and atmospheric sciences. This educational brief, produced by WREN under IEA Wind, summarizes the discussion during the forum and written comments from those who could not attend. Relevant literature was used to provide additional context when needed. A list of the references used to develop this summary is available here.
The Likelihood of Bats Experiencing Barotrauma Near Moving Wind Turbine Blades (English)
En octubre de 2018, la tarea eólica 34 de la Agencia Internacional de Energía, "Trabajando juntos para resolver los efectos ambientales de la energía eólica (WREN)", organizó un foro virtual para analizar la probabilidad de que los murciélagos experimenten barotraumatismo cuando vuelan cerca de palas de aerogeneradores en movimiento. El foro incluyó a expertos en biología y fisiología de murciélagos, interacciones entre murciélagos y aerogeneradores, tecnología de aerogeneradores y ciencias atmosféricas. Este resumen educativo incluye las conversaciones presentadas en el foro y los comentarios escritos de aquellos que no pudieron asistir. Se utilizó literatura relevante que sirviera de contexto adicional cuando era necesario.
The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.
| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd Edition: Summary of Bat Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Land-based Wind Energy Monitoring Database | Schauber, E., Butryn, R., Felton, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Species-specific acoustic responses by bats to ultrasonic stimuli used for reducing bat-wind turbine interactions | Guest, E., Weaver, S., Hale, A., Morton, B., Hein, C., Fritts, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Airflow Dynamics and Bat Behavior Near Wind Energy Turbines and Trees | Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
| Song flight and 3D thermal detection provide evidence for bat attraction to wind turbines in Central Europe | Nagy, M., Hochradel, K., Haushalter, C., Simon, R., Weber, N., Behr, O., Knörnschild, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Assessing vertical stratification of bats and nocturnal insects to infer potential collision risk at wind turbines in central Thailand | Srilopan, S., Krauel, J., Srilopan, K., Voigt, C., Bumrungsri, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Establishing baselines for echolocating bat activity at wind farms in mainland Southeast Asia | Furey, N., Tu, V., Hitch, A., Pilgrim, J., Kunzer, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Evaluation of the Impact of Environmentally Driven Curtailment Regulations on Wind Farm Energy Production | Gonzalez, J., Rodríguez, A., Expósito, A., Santos, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Hierarchical mixture models and high-resolution monitoring data can inform siting and operational strategies to mitigate bat fatalities at wind turbines | Labuzzetta, C., Johnson, A., Andress, A., Bohner, T., Grajal-Puche, A., Seymour, M., Straw, B., Thogmartin, W., Udell, B., Wiens, A., Diffendorfer, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Bird and bat mortality at wind farms in South America: Lessons from monitoring and mitigation practices in Chile | Santander, F., Morant, J., Perez-Garcia, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Testing a bat fatality detection system at wind turbines | Weaver, S., Ritter, J., Commiskey, A., Garcia, J., Morton, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| New frontiers in wind-wildlife monitoring systems | Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., Hein, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
| Wind Energy Interactions with Wildlife Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Based on the State of the Science | Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute (REWI) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
| Harnessing AI for Bat Videography Research and Conservation | Corcoran, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Accelerating technology development to monitor and minimize effects from land-based wind energy on birds and bats | Gottlieb, I., Hein, C., Field, P., Allison, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Migratory Strategy is a Key Factor Driving Interactions at Wind Energy Facilities in At-Risk North American Bats | Campbell, C., Nelson, D., Nagel, J., Clerc, J., Weller, T., Wieringa, J., Fraser, E., Longstaffe, F., Hale, A., Lout, M., Pruitt, L., Guralnick, R., Vander Zanden, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Unravelling the relationship between digitalisation and sustainable energy transitions using socio-technical-ecological scripts | Schmidt-Scheele, R., Mattes, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Systematic Review of Crop Pests in the Diets of Four Bat Species Found as Wind Turbine Fatalities | Hale, A., Foo, C., Lloyd, J., Stucker, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
| Bat protection during the expansion of wind energy - Assessment of the impact of new-generation wind turbines on the collision risk of bats | Mammen, K., Mammen, U., Henrichmann, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
| Spatiotemporal patterns in sex ratios of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in the United States | Weaver, S., Hale, A., Nelson, D., Fritts, S., Katzner, T., Chipps, A., Korstian, J., LiCari, S., Nagel, J., Williams, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Integrating Biodiversity Impacts into Life Cycle Assessment: Applied to a case study of onshore wind power production | Demyanenko, S. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | |
| Acoustic exposure reveals variation in curtailment effectiveness at reducing bat fatality at wind turbines | Peterson, T., Rusk, A., Byrne, C., Aghababian, S., Edwards, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Proceedings of the 15th Wind Wildlife Research Meeting | Gottlieb, I. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
| Ultrasonic deterrents provide no additional benefit over curtailment in reducing bat fatalities at an Ohio wind energy facility | Clerc, J., Huso, M., Schirmacher, M., Whitby, M., Hein, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| The costs of wind energy permitting compliance actions for regulated bats in the US | Newman, C., Surrey, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Mapping bird and bat assemblage vulnerability for predicting wind energy impact | Morant, J., Naves-Alegre, L., Garcia, H., Tena, E., Sanchez-Navarro, S., Nogueras, J., Ibanez, C., Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Los murciélagos Mexicanos y la energía eólica: un breve recuento de los daños | Muñoz Jiménez, O., Villegas Patraca, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
| Predicting risk to bat species from wind turbine collision in Southeast Asia | Crane, M., Silvia, I., Grainger, M., Gale, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Advancing bat monitoring: Assessing the impact of unmanned aerial systems on bat activity | Roswag, M., Roswag, A., Fietz, J., Taefi, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Activity-based Informed Curtailment: Using Acoustics to Design and Validate Smart Curtailment to Reduce Risk to Bats at Wind Farms | Peterson, T., Aghababian, S., Byrne, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Propuesta de lineamientos para el monitoreo, evaluación, prevención y mitigación de los impactos de los parques eólicos sobre la quiropterofauna en México | Uribe Rivera, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
| Wind turbines displace bats from drinking sites | Scholz, C., Klein, H., Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats | |
| The trans-european catchment area of common noctule bats killed by wind turbines in France | Merlet, M., Soto, D., Arthur, L., Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
| A modeling framework for biodiversity assessment in renewable energy development: A case study on European bats and wind turbines | Froidevaux, J., Le Viol, I., Barre, K., Bas, Y., Kerbiriou, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats | |
| Bats and Wind Turbines: Adding Ecological Context to the Olfaction Hypothesis | Clerc, J., Rogers, E., Fuller, N., Jonasson, K., Dempsey, L., Brokaw, A., Weller, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| A passive, blade-mounted ultrasonic bat deterrent for wind turbines | Zeng, Z., Huang, S., Alexander, W., Sharma, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
| Guidance on biodiversity cumulative impact assessment for wind and solar developments and associated infrastructure | Bennun, L., Fletcher, C., Cook, A., Wilson, D., Jobson, B., Asante-Owusu, R., Dakmejian, A., Liu, Q. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Design of a Launcher for Wildlife Collision Simulation on Wind Turbines to Validate Strike Detection Systems | Roadman, J., Goldhor, R., Hein, C., Ivanov, C., Rooney, S. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| A decade of curtailment studies demonstrates a consistent and effective strategy to reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines in North America | Whitby, M., O'Mara, M., Hein, C., Huso, M., Frick, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
| Flight behaviour of Red Kites within their breeding area in relation to local weather variables: Conclusions with regard to wind turbine collision mitigation | Aschwanden, J., Stark, H., Liechti, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Potential for spatial coexistence of a transboundary migratory species and wind energy development | Huang, T-K., Feng, X., Derbridge, J., Libby, K., Diffendorfer, J., Thogmartin, W., McCracken, G., Medellin, R., Lopez-Hoffman, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats |