The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
On the importance of wind turbine wake boundary to wind energy and environmental impact | Fan, Z.; Li,S.; Gao, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Wind turbine impact on near-ground air temperature | Moravec, D.; Barták, V.; Puš, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Wind farms dry surface soil in temporal and spatial variation | Wang, G.; Li, G.; Liu, Z. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Local effects of wind turbines on near-surface wind speed in a desert steppe wind farm | Zhou, D.; Hu, S.; Dang, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Assessment of system effects of large-scale implementation of offshore wind in the southern North Sea | Boon, A.; Caires, S.; Wijnant, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species | Scacco, M.; Arrondo, E.; Donazar, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Can the development of offshore renewable energy projects and their shore connection have an effect on the evolution of the coastline? | Henry, S.; Cartier, A.; Duperrent, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Construction of the Block Island Wind Farm | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Could federal wind farms influence continental shelf oceanography and alter associated ecological processes? A literature review. | Miles, T.; Murphy, S.; Kohut, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Floating offshore wind turbine aerodynamics: Trends and future challenges | Micallef, D.; Rezaeiha, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Projected cross-shore changes in upwelling induced by offshore wind farm development along the California coast | Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Jacox, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Sustainable wind energy planning through ecosystem service impact valuation and exergy: A study case in south-central Chile | Martínez-Martínez, Y.; Dewulf, J.; Aguayo, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Local climatic and environmental effects of an onshore wind farm in North China | Luo, L.; Zhuang, Y.; Duan, Q.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems | Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations | Díaz, H.; Teixeira, A.; Soares, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | |
Impact of wind farms on local land surface temperature in Qinghai Province, China | Zhang, X.; Wang, H.; Shang, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Wind Power Increases the Plant Diversity of Temperate Grasslands but Decreases the Dominance of Palatable Plants | Ji. G.; Ganjurjav, H.; Hu, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Onshore wind farms do not affect global wind speeds or patterns | Li, G.; Yan, C.; Wu, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Observations and Simulations of a Wind Farm Modifying a Thunderstorm Outflow Boundary | Tomaszewski, J.; Lundquist, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Operational-dependent wind turbine wake impact on surface momentum flux revealed by snow-powered flow imaging | Abraham, A.; Hong, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes | |
Morphological Modelling to Investigate the Role of External Sediment Sources and Wind and Wave-Induced Flow on Sand Bank Sustainability: An Arklow Bank Case Study | Creane, S.; O'Shea, M.; Coughlan, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Ocean Upwelling and Downwelling Induced by Wind Wakes of Offshore Wind Farms | Liu, K.; Du, J.; Larsén, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Oceanographic Effects of Offshore Wind Structures and Their Potential Impacts on the North Atlantic Right Whale and Their Prey | Brodie, J.; Manhard, R.; Krebs, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
A Numerical Modeling Framework to Evaluate Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on California’s Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem | Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Chang, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Overlap between the Mid-Atlantic Bight Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas | Horwitz, R.; Miles, T.; Munroe, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Experimental Study on Influence of Pitch Motion on the Wake of a Floating Wind Turbine Model | Rockel, S.; Camp, E.; Schmidt, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Effects of wind farms on near-surface wind speed | Xin, Z.; Ruiping, Y.; Xu, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Meteorological and Hydrological Effect of Wind Farm in Arid Areas | Yin, R.; Zhang, X.; Xu, R.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
The Iowa Atmospheric Observatory: Revealing the Unique Boundary Layer Characteristics of a Wind Farm | Takle, E.; Rajewski, D.; Purdy, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
“Wind Theft” from Onshore Wind Turbine Arrays: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Parameterization and Resolution | Pryor, S.; Shepherd, T.; Volker, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Sediment Stability Evaluation Framework | Jones, C.; McWilliams, S.; Engelmann, G.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Modelling the Effects of Wind Farming on the Local Weather Using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model | Jawaheer, B.; Dhunny, A.; Cunden, T.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
The Effect of a Giant Wind Farm on Precipitation in a Regional Climate Model | Fiedler, B.; Bukovsky, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
The VERTEX field campaign: observations of near-ground effects of wind turbine wakes | Archer, C.; Wu, S.; Vasel-Be-Hagh, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | ||
Nonlocal Inadvertent Weather Modification Associated with Wind Farms in the Central United States | Lauridsen, M.; Ancell, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
The Influence of Real‐World Wind Turbine Deployments on Local to Mesoscale Climate | Pryor, S.; Barthelmie, R.; Shepherd, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers | Bennun, L.; van Bochove, J.; Ng, C.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary | Consensus Building Institute | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Behavior of Bats at Wind Turbines | Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
Crop Wind Energy Experiment (CWEX): Observations of Surface-Layer, Boundary Layer, and Mesoscale Interactions with a Wind Farm | Rajewski, D.; Takle, E.; Lundquist, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Changes in fluxes of heat, H2O, and CO2 caused by a large wind farm | Rajewski, D.; Takle, E.; Lundquist, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Further evidence of impacts of large-scale wind farms on land surface temperature | Walsh-Thomas, J.; Cervone, G.; Agouris, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |
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