The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Underwater noise during percussive pile driving: Influencing factors on pile-driving noise and technical possibilities to comply with noise mitigation values | Bellmann, M.; May, A.; Wendt, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Ontogenetic variation in the auditory sensitivity of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication | Stanley, J.; Caiger, P.; Phelan, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Increased Mixing and Turbulence in the Wake of Offshore Wind Farm Foundations | Schultze, L.; Merckelbach, L.; Horstmann, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Activity-footprints, pressures-footprints and effects-footprints-Walking the pathway to determining and managing human impacts in the sea | Elliott, M.; Borja, A.; Cormier, R. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Estimating the effects of pile driving sounds on seals: Pitfalls and possibilities | Whyte, K.; Russell, D.; Sparling, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
South Fork Wind Farm Atlantic Cod Spawning Survey | Gervelis, B.; Carey, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish | |
Underwater Noise Emission Due to Offshore Pile Installation: A Review | Tsouvalas, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Capturing threshold responses of marine benthos along gradients of natural and anthropogenic change | Couce, E.; Engelhard, G.; Schratzberger, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports | Chen, C.; Zhao, L.; He, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders | Mavraki, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Using Artificial-Reef Knowledge to Enhance the Ecological Function of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations: Implications for Fish Abundance and Diversity | Glarou, M.; Zrust, M.; Svendsen, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Mapping of Benthic Habitats at Marine Renewable Energy Sites Using Multibeam Echosounder and Sediment Profile Imaging Technologies | Revelas, E.; Sackmann, B.; Maher, N.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study | Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Moens, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Ecological best practice in decommissioning: a review of scientific research | Fortune, I.; Paterson, D. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea | Wright, S.; Lynam, C.; Righton, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish | |
Science in support of ecologically sound decommissioning strategies for offshore man-made structures: taking stock of current knowledge and considering future challenges | Birchenough, S.; Degraer, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Fish Assemblages Associated with a Newly Deployed Eco-Engineered Artificial Seawall in the Intercoastal Waters of Port Everglades | Cinti, O. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Summary of Discussions from the Marine Mammal Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting | Bats, Birds | |
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure | Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Underwater Noise Simulation of Impact Pile Driving for Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan | Fang, Y.; Sung, P.; Hu, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Ecological Risk Assessment of Underwater Sounds from Dredging Operations | McQueen, A.; Suedel, B.; de Jong, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Noise mitigation for the construction of increasingly large offshore wind turbines | Koschinski, S.; Lüdemann, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Impulsive noise pollution in the Northeast Atlantic: Reported activity during 2015–2017 | Merchant, N.; Andersson, M.; Box, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Investigating the potential impact of wind farms on Lake Erie | Afsharian, S.; Taylor, P.; Momayez, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Seafloor Disturbance and Recovery Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Summary Report | Khan, A.; Smith, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Characterization of impact pile driving signals during installation of offshore wind turbine foundations | Amaral, J.; Miller, J.; Potty, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Toward an Ecosystem Approach of Marine Renewable Energy: The Case of the Offshore Wind Farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Bay of Seine | Niquil, N.; Raoux, A.; Haraldsson, M.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Development of a Unique Instrumentation System to Monitor Underwater Noise Due to Pile Driving | Crowley, R.; Berube, J.; Matemu, C.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Near-field Spatial and Temporal Benthic Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, USA | Khan, A.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Towards Estimating the Biogeochemical Footprint of an Offshore Windfarm | Vanavebeke, J.; Braeckman, U.; De Borger, E.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Water Quality, Invertebrates | |
Turbulence in the wake of offshore wind farm foundations and its potential effects on mixing of stratified tidal shelf seas | Schultze, L.; Merckelbach, L.; Raasch, S.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Multi-scale Interaction between Wind Turbines and Coastal Processes: coupling OpenFAST with a regional coupled air-sea modeling system | Wang, R.; Miles, T.; Brodie, J. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool | Schaffeld, T.; Schnitzler, J.; Ruser, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
The Measurement and Prediction of Underwater Noise from Impact Pile Driving during the Construction of Offshore Wind Farm | Han, D. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Marine stepping‐stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations | Coolen, J.; Boon, A.; Crooijmans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Options for biodiversity enhancement in offshore wind farms | Bureau Waardenburg bv | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions | |
Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Reaction to a 3D Seismic Airgun Survey in the North Sea | Sarnocinska, J.; Teilmann, J.; Balle, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea | Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Soft Bottom Macrobenthic Communities in Sandy Enclaves from the North Cotentin Peninsula (Central English Channel) | Andres, S.; Pezy, J.; Martinez, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Cumulative Noise Impacts Upon Fishes (and Turtles) from Offshore Wind Farm Construction and Operation | Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Impulsive pile driving noise elicits alarm responses in squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) | Jones, I.; Stanley, J.; Mooney, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Anthropogenic threats to benthic habitats | Harris, P. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish | Mascolino, S.; Mariani, S.; Benvenuto, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises | Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
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