The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation | Cook, S.; Palmer, G.; Hill, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review | Bat, L.; Sezgin, M.; Sahin, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? | da Costa, G.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; Álvares, F. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development | Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.; Bjerre, E.; Otto, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway | May, R.; Jackson, C.; Middel, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | |
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences | Anker, H.; Olsen, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M.; Johnston, A.; Beck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Spatial co-occurrence between wind power and boreal forestlands with lichen important for reindeer browsing | Lundmark, E. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals | |
The clash between biodiversity protection and renewable energy development in the European Union with reference to the Habitats and the Birds Directive s | Aikaterini, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation | Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset | Johnson, A.; Dawson, C.; Conners, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of offshore wind energy development on marine birds | Croll, D.; Ellis, A.; Adams, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) | da Costa, G.; Paula, J.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew | Jiguet, F.; Schwemmer, P.; Rousseau, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer | Jakle, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Site wind right: Identifying low-impact wind development areas in the Central United States | Hise, C.; Obermeyer, B.; Ahlering, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines | Chambert, T.; Duriez, O.; Deleaux, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring for Onshore Wind Energy Facilities in Emerging Market Countries: Good Practice Handbook and Decision Support Tool | International Finance Corporation | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Engineered ecologies: Addressing energy infrastructure impacts on wildlife habitat & movement | Baker, L. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy | Evans, M.; Sporer, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Protecting avian wildlife for wind farm siting: The Screening Tool Proof of Concept | Salkanovic, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions | |
A Special Purpose: The Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Wind Energy | Rose, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities | Hallingstad, E.; Riser-Espinoza, D.; Brown, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions | |
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A.; Routavaara, H.; Jokikokko, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Guía Para la Evaluación de Impactos Ambientales de Centrales Eólicas de Generación de Energía Electrica | Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental de Chile | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M.; Smith, A.; Lovich, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Bat Resources Reports for Beech Ridge Wind Energy Project | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats | |
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory | National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan | Young, D.; Tidhar, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife | Office, United States Government Accountability | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures | Flydal, K.; Eftestol, S.; Reimers, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wind Turbines and Migratory Birds: Avoiding a Collision Between the Energy Industry and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act | Evans, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Aspects of Large-Scale Wind-Power Systems in the UK | Robson, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Collision, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Roe deer stress response to a wind farms: Methodological and practical implications | Klich, D.; Lopucki, R.; Scibior, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
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