The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making | De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters | Alawady, A.; Senthurya, S.; Saritha, G.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Seabirds, Marine Mammals | |
The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California | California Ocean Science Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 | Sullivan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Final Environmental Assessment for Additional Site Assessment Activities on Beacon Wind, LLC’s Renewable Energy Lease OCS-A 0527 | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement | Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Seabirds | |
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals | Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
What level of monitoring is enough to detect displacement effects of offshore wind farms? | Hall, R.; Black, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? | Peschko, V.; Schwemmer, H.; Mercker, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessing areas suitable for offshore wind energy considering potential risk to breeding seabirds in northern Japan | Obane, H.; Kazama, K.; Hashimoto, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas | Isaksson, N.; Scott, B.; Hunt, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Robust bilevel ocean zoning for marine renewable energy, fishery and conservation with fairness concern | Jia, R.; Gao, J.; Li, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Study on the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Surrounding Water Environment in the Yangtze Estuary Based on Remote Sensing | Cai, L.; Hu, Q.; Qiu, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines | Chambert, T.; Duriez, O.; Deleaux, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns in the North Sea increases with turbine density | van Bemmelen, R.; Leemans, J.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Understanding seabird behaviour at sea part 2: improved estimates of collision risk model parameters | Cook, A.; Thaxter, C.; Davies, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Strategic study of collision risk for birds on migration and further development of the stochastic collision risk modelling tool | Woodward, I.; Franks, S.; Bowgen, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Seabird tagging feasibility for the Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy | Cook, A.; Pollock, C.; Bogdanova, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Impacts of offshore wind power development on China's marine economy and environment: A study from 2006 to 2019 | Liu, G.; Kong, Z.; Sun, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
West of Orkney Windfarm Offshore Environmental Impact Assessment | West of Orkney Windfarm | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Revealing the ecological impact of low-speed mountain wind power on vegetation and soil erosion in South China: A case study of a typical wind farm in Yunnan | Ma, B.; Yang, J.; Chen, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea | Ma, C.; Stelzenmüller, V.; Rehren, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | ||
Empire Offshore Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal | White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Floating offshore wind farms in Mediterranean marine protected areas: a cautionary tale | Lloret, J.; Wawrzynkowski, P.; Dominguez-Carrió, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Relation Between Underwater Noise and Operating Offshore Wind Turbines | Holme, C.; Simurda, M.; Gerlach, S.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Optimizing China's onshore wind farm layout crucial for carbon neutrality | Li, Q. ; Duan, H.; Liu, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Indo-Pacific finless porpoises presence in response to pile driving on the Jinwan Offshore Wind Farm, China | Fang, L.; Li, M.; Wang, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Thermal soaring over the North Sea and implications for wind farm interactions | van Erp, J.; Sage, E.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Beacon Wind Project: Beacon Wind 1 and Beacon Wind 2 Construction and Operations Plan | AECOM | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Offshore Wind Energy and Seabird Collision Vulnerability in California | Grover, W. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Towards Digital Twins of the Oceans: The Potential of Machine Learning for Monitoring the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Environments | Schneider, J.; Klüner, A.; Zielinski, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Sustainable wind energy planning through ecosystem service impact valuation and exergy: A study case in south-central Chile | Martínez-Martínez, Y.; Dewulf, J.; Aguayo, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Joint responsibility in the development of effective wind-turbine collision-reducing solutions | May, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Great Lakes Wind Energy Challenges and Opportunities Assessment | Musial, W.; Green, R.; DeMeo, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia | Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds | |
Windfarm collisions in medium-sized raptors: even increasing populations can suffer strong demographic impacts | Duriez, O.; Pilard, P.; Saulnier, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Ocean Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds | Searle, K.; O'Brien, S.; Jones, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds | |
Asymmetric linkages between wind energy and ecological sustainability: Evidence from quantile estimation | Chen, M.; Huang, W.; Ali, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
The potential impact of human interventions at different scales in offshore wind farms to promote flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) reef development in the southern North Sea | Hofstede, R.; Williams, G.; Koningsveld, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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