The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast | Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents | Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) | Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent | Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A.; Routavaara, H.; Jokikokko, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds | Rehling, F.; Delius, A.; Ellerbrok, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences | Anker, H.; Olsen, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M.; Johnston, A.; Beck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps | Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) | Husby, M.; Pearson, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Spatial co-occurrence between wind power and boreal forestlands with lichen important for reindeer browsing | Lundmark, E. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project | Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Assessing the vulnerability of breeding bird populations to onshore wind-energy developments in Finland | Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Valkama, J.; Byholm, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Wind energy facilities affect resource selection of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus | Taubmann, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development | Kirol, C.; Smith, K.; Graf, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response | Santos, C.; Marques, A.; May, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe | Coppes, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Grunschachner-Berger, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Migratory Disturbance Thresholds with Mule Deer and Energy Development | Sawyer, H.; Lambert, M.; Merkle, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements | Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Engineered ecologies: Addressing energy infrastructure impacts on wildlife habitat & movement | Baker, L. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds | Marques, A.,; Santos, C.; Hanssen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Raptors | |
Wind turbine noise limits propagation of greater prairiechicken boom chorus, but does it matter? | Whalen, C.; Brown, M.; McGee, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm | Dohm, R.; Jennelle, C.; Garvin, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Effects of wind turbine noise on the surrounding soundscape in the context of greater-prairie chicken courtship vocalizations | Whalen, C.; Brown, M.; McGee, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria | Brunner, H.; Friedel, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review | Coppes, J.; Braunisch, V.; Bollmann, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Male Greater Prairie-Chickens Adjust their Vocalizations in the Presence of Wind Turbine Noise | Whalen, C.; Brown, M.; McGee, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor | Peron, G.; Fleming, C.; Duriez, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
The song of Skylarks Alauda arvensis indicates the deterioration of an acoustic environment resulting from wind farm start‐up | Szymanski, P.; Deoniziak, K.; Losak, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M.; Smith, A.; Lovich, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? | Łopucki, R.; Klich, D.; Gielarek, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Red Kite | Mammen, K.; Mammen, U.; Resetaritz, A. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Telemetric Monitoring of Montagu’s Harrier in Schleswig-Holstein | Grajetzky, B.; Nehls, G. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in the Hellweg Börde, North Rhine-Westphalia | Joest, R.; Griesenbrock, B.; Illner, H. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Raptors, Birds | |
Effects of Individuals Lost Due to Wind Turbines on the Time of Occupying a Territory, the Survival of Breeding Territories and the Breeding Success of White-Tailed Sea Eagles (Case Studies) | Grunkorn, T.; Nehls, G. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Wind turbines cause chronic stress in badgers (Meles meles) in Great Britain | Agnew, R.; Smith, V.; Fowkes, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Black - billed Cuckoo Conservation Plan for the California Ridge Wind Energy Project Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois | Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects | Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Reindeer and windpower | Skarin, A.; Nellemann, C.; Sandström, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity | Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Evaluation of Greater Sage-Grouse Reproductive Habitat and Response to Wind Energy Development in South-Central, Wyoming | LeBeau, C. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats | |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility | Ocotillo Express | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement | Dahl, E.; Bevanger, K.; Nygård, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds |
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