Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Spatial compatibility between emerging marine economies and existing uses in the exclusive economic zone of southern Brazil Medeiros, J.; Weiss, C.; Scherer, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Effects of wind turbine dimensions on the collision risk of raptors: A simulation approach based on flight height distributions Schaub, T.; Klaassen, R.; Zutter, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Integrating in situ environmental covariates in an American lobster catch model to improve impact assessment Rzeszowski, E.; Reardon, K.; Brady, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Towards holistic, participative and adaptable governance for offshore wind farm decommissioning Jurrius, L.; van Hoof, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Accelerating Offshore Wind: Developing a regional ecosystem monitoring programme for the UK offshore wind industry ORE Catapult Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Focusing the view: Improved methods for assessing viewshed impacts of onshore wind turbines Dong, L.; Lang, C.; Parent, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Life Cycle Assessment of Additively Manufactured Foundations for Ultratall Wind Turbine Towers Jones, K.E.S.; Li, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental implications of future offshore renewable energy development in Aotearoa New Zealand Hale, R.; Thompson, D.; Brough, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice
Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Environmental and Social Perspectives from Uruguay Forastiero, M.; Gutierrez, R.; Weschenfelder, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 Greaves, D.; White, D.; Noble, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Marine infrastructure support fewer producers and more filter feeders than natural habitats: a review and meta-analysis McKibbin, O.; Verges, A.; Pottier, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
New Horizons: The Space Needed for Offshore Wind Energy in the EU by 2030 and 2040 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine biodiversity impact pathways for offshore wind farm decommissioning: Implications for Life Cycle impact assessment development Stranddorf, L.; Colley, T.; Delefosse, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America Global Wind Energy Council Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of multi-use of marine space: A comparative analysis of offshore wind energy and mussel farming in the Belgian Continental Shelf with terrestrial alternatives De Luca Pena, L.; Bas, B.; Dewulf, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Reconciling wind energy development with bird conservation: A comparative study of flight behaviour in raptors to understand and mitigate wind turbine collision risk Schaub, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway Havinga, H.C.; Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z.; Steen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Entanglement Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Future of Offshore Wind: Considerations for development and leasing to 2030 and beyond The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Marine Delivery Routemap: Towards a shared vision for our seabed and coastline The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore wind industry product carbon footprinting guidance: Guidance for measuring the life cycle carbon footprint of offshore wind developments Dineen, C.; Shackley, L.; Harvey, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
What We Heard Report: Building Capacity for the Sustainable & Inclusive Development of Nova Scotia’s Offshore Wind Resource Net Zero Atlantic; Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq; Unama’ki Institute of Natural Resources (UINR); et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Estimating collision risk for whitetailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in onshore wind power environments: Application of spatial modelling frameworks and predictive mapping Halgunset, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing the engineering, environmental and economic aspects of repowering onshore wind energy Ahmed, F.; Foley, A.; Dowds, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Synthesis of multinational marine aquaculture and clean energy co-location Gonzales, C.; Chen, S.; Froehlich, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Challenges and Opportunities for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Ultradeep Waters of the Central Atlantic Musial, W.; McCoy, A.; Hernando, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Raptors and Land-Based Wind Energy in the United States ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects United States Government Accountability Office Report Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Working Group on Offshore Renewable Energy (WGORE; outputs from 2023 meeting) Copping, A.; Lipsky, A.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Review of the Sustainable Siting of Offshore Wind Farms Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Skiniti, G.; Tournaki, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Framing the Wind: Media Coverage of Offshore Wind in the Northeastern United States Diamond, E.; Damato, N.; Bidwell, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
BWEC 5-year plan (1 January 2024–31 December 2028) Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) Report Wind Energy Bats, Human Dimensions
Sailing through end-of-life challenges: A comprehensive review for offshore wind Vetters, J.; Thomassen, G.; Van Passel, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Wind power infrastructure and perceived value of tourism experience in nature areas Prince, S.; Chekalina, T.; Peters, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts
Trade-offs of wind power production: A study on the environmental implications of raw materials mining in the life cycle of wind turbines Morozovska, K.; Bragone, F.; Svensson, A.X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Fortsetzungsstudie Probabilistik - Das Raumnutzungs-Kollisionsrisikomodell (RKR-Modell) Mercker, M.; Raab, R.; Liesenjohann, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Climate and air quality benefits of wind and solar generation in the United States from 2019 to 2022 Millstein, D.; O'Shaughnessy, E.; Wiser, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy in the Field of Tension between Human Societies and Natural Systems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy and Their Implications for Forest Ecosystems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Resource monitoring for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) at the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind development site Rudders, D.; Mann, R.; Borsetti, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 Williams, R.; Zhao, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning World Bank Group Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms Uribe, M.; Aguilera, J.; Villada-Canela, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
From Concerns to Engagement: How experts address citizen concerns about birds through engagement in wind farm projects Dossin, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data

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