The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Estimating bat fatality at a Texas wind energy facility: implications transcending the United States–Mexico border | Weaver, S.; Jones, A.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences | Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
What really undermines public acceptance of wind turbines? A choice experiment analysis in Israel | Peri, E.; Becker, N.; Tal, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years | Green, D.; McGuire, L.; Vanderwel, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Ultrasonic acoustic deterrents significantly reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines | Weaver, S.; Hein, C.; Simpson, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
AWWI Technical Report: 2nd Edition: Summary of Bird Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC | Allison, T.; Butryn, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
AWWI Technical Report: 2nd Edition: Summary of Bat Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC | Allison, T.; Butryn, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation | European Commission | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy | Schmuecker, S.; Becker, D.; Lanzone, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2020 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
The human dimensions of a green–green-dilemma: Lessons learned from the wind energy — wildlife conflict in Germany | Straka, T.; Fritze, M.; Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
SEER Factsheet | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol | Maurer, J.; Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Transcontinental 2200 km migration of a Nathusius’ pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) across Europe | Alcalde, J.; Jiménez, M.; Brila, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
AWWI Technical Report: Are Bat Activity and Mortality Best Predicted by Weather Measured On-Site or at Off-Site Regional Airports? | Good, R.; Iskali, G.; Clark, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers | del Valle, J.; Peralta, F.; Arjona, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Evidenzbasierter Fledermausschutz in Windkraftvorhaben | Voigt, C. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
An evaluation of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines in the Northeastern United States | Choi, D.; Wittig, T.; Kluever, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Summer day-roost selection by eastern red bats varies between areas with different land-use histories | Monarchino, M.; Behan, M.; Johnson, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats | |
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway | Zhao, S.; Xu, H.; Song, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems | Squires, J.; Olson, L.; Wallace, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Testing and Evaluation of "SafeWind" A Bird Protection System | Soni, B.; Loske, K.; Lackmann, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Final Report on the Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Birds in the Region of Kaliakra, Bulgaria (Activity 3) | Schindler, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Identifying areas of wetland and wind turbine overlap in the south-central Great Plains of North America | Heintzman, L.; Auerbach, E.; Kilborn, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities | May, R.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mercker, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa | Perold, V.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Ryan, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Sex- but not age-biased wind turbine collision mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | Heuck, C.; Herrmann, C.; Wendt, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy | Evans, M.; Sporer, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations | Schippers, P.; Buij, R.; Schotman, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Simmons, R.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Colyn, R.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2020 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Dogs detect larger wind energy effects on bats and birds | Smallwood, K.; Bell, D.; Standish, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development | Kirol, C.; Smith, K.; Graf, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors | Hanssen, F.; May, R.; Nygård, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site | Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles | |
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species | Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Effects of wind energy production on a threatened species, the Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli, with and without mitigation | Lemaître, J.; Lamarre, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines | |
Bat Activity Rates do not Predict Bat Fatality Rates at Wind Energy Facilities | Solick, D.; Pham, D.; Nasman, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms | Niemi, J.; Tanttu, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Assessing the spatial distribution of avian collision risks at wind turbine structures in Brandenburg, Germany | Bose, A.; Durr, T.; Klenke, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Black-legged kittiwake population dynamics and drivers of population change in the context of offshore wind development | Ruffino, L.; Thompson, D.; O'Brien, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines | Stokke, B.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Seabird distribution in 3D: assessing risk from offshore wind energy generation | Schatz Energy Research Center | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement |
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