The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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State of Maine Offshore Wind Energy Research Array: Application for an Outer Continental Shelf Renewable Energy Research Lease | State of Maine | Report | Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction | Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
American Bird Conservancy Comments on the Morro Bay Offshore Wind Call for Information | American Bird Conservancy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Human Dimensions | ||
Identifying Ecological Metrics and Sampling Strategies for Baseline Monitoring During Offshore Wind Development | Brodie, J.; Kohut, J.; Zemeckis, D. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Carbon footprint and carbon emission intensity of grassland wind farms in Inner Mongolia | Liu, P.; Liu, L.; Xu, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
A practical wind farm siting framework integrating ecosystem services — A case study of coastal China | Xing, L.; Wang, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine | McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
New England Wind COP Appendix II-H: 2016-2020 Benthic Reports | Epsilon Associates Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Physical Environment | ||
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy | Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 1: Biological Site Characterization Offshore Morro Bay | Kuhnz, L.; Gilbane, L.; Cochrane, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight | Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Land use for United States power generation: A critical review of existing metrics with suggestions for going forward | Wachs, E.; Engel, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data | ||
Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish | Pfeiffer, O.; Nock, D.; Baker, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development | Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.; Bjerre, E.; Otto, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan | Ørsted; Eversource | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities | New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States' first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience | Smythe, T.; Bidwell, D.; Tyler, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | ||
Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options | Cooperman, A.; Eberle, A.; Lantz, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Ocean Justice: Strategies for an Equitable Implementation of North Carolina’s Offshore Wind Industry | Schroeger, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data | ||
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds | Horton, K.; Van Doren, B.; Albers, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Lighting | Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Assessment of Seascape, Landscape, and Visual Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States | Sullivan, R. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities | Nasman, K.; Bay, K.; Mattson, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines | ROSA | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines | McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Dunn, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
MOTION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION FOR APPROVAL OF THE ELECTRIC PROGRAM INVESTMENT CHARGE INTERIM INVESTMENT PLAN 2021 | California Energy Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America | ten Brink, T.; Dalton, T.; Livermore, J. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Farmers vs. lakers: Agriculture, amenity, and community in predicting opposition to United States wind energy development | Bessette, D.; Mills, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Offshore Wind Market Development and Transmission in the U.S. Northeast | Smith, K. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
Resident perceptions of local offshore wind energy development: Modeling efforts to improve participatory processes | Gonyo, S.; Fleming, C.; Freitag, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring | Reichert, B.; Bayless, M.; Cheng, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions | |
Observations and Simulations of a Wind Farm Modifying a Thunderstorm Outflow Boundary | Tomaszewski, J.; Lundquist, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy: Spatial and Temporal Marine Wildlife Distributions in the New York Offshore Planning Area, Summer 2016–Spring 2019 | Pembroke, A.; Robinson Willmott, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report | Anderson, P.; Aldridge, C.; Alexander, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned | Carey, D.; Wilber, D.; Read, L.; et al. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Offshore Wind Energy and Benthic Habitat Changes: Lessons from Block Island Wind Farm | Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Introduction to the Special Issue on: Understanding the Effects of Offshore Wind Development on Fisheries | Twigg, E.; Roberts, S.; Hofmann, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Could federal wind farms influence continental shelf oceanography and alter associated ecological processes? A literature review. | Miles, T.; Murphy, S.; Kohut, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Managing Impacts of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life | McPherson, S. | Guidance | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Mixed feelings on wind energy: Affective imagery and local concern driving social acceptance in Switzerland | Cousse, J.; Wüstenhagen, R.; Schneider, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Beyond the beach: Tradeoffs in tourism and recreation at the first offshore wind farm in the United States | Smythe, T.; Bidwell, D.; Moore, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism | ||
Recreational boaters' preferences for boating trips associated with offshore wind farms in US waters | Dalton, T.; Weir, M.; Calianos,A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy | Schmuecker, S.; Becker, D.; Lanzone, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Octopus’s garden under the blade: Boosting biodiversity increases willingness to pay for offshore wind in the United States | Klain, S.; Satterfield, T.; Chan, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Validation of a Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport Modeling Framework for the Evaluation of Offshore Wind Farms | Jones, C.; Chang, G.; Magalen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
Offshore Wind Energy and the Fishing Industry in the Northeastern USA | Pol, M.; Ford, K. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Place meaning and consistency with offshore wind: An island and coastal tale | Russell, A.; Firestone, J.; Bidwell, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island - Project Report | Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
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