The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity | Kingma, E.; ter Hofstede, R.; Kardinaal, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Final Environmental Assessment for Additional Site Assessment Activities on Beacon Wind, LLC’s Renewable Energy Lease OCS-A 0527 | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? | Bishop, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the Dutch Continental Shelf | Hermans, A.; Winter, H.; Gill, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish | |
Sustainable energy adoption in poor rural areas: A comparative case perspective from the Philippines | Franco, M. A. J.; Taeihagh, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Ecological indicators to monitor offshore wind interactions with fisheries resources | Methratta, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Acoustic presence and demographics of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off southern New England and near a US offshore wind energy area | Westell, A.; Rowell, T.; Posdalijan, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Evaluation of offshore wind energy diffusion in long-term scenarios in the Colombian Caribbean | Valencia, M.; Arango-Aramburo, S.; Osorio, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota | El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. | Journal Article | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | ||
BOEM and NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale and Offshore Wind Strategy | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs; US Department of Commerce (DOC); NOAA Fisheries | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Settlement success of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) on different types of hard substrate to support reef development in offshore wind farms | ter Hofstede, R.; Witte, S.; Kamermans, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress | Keating-Bitoni, C.; Marshak, A.; Comay, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area | Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Using fisheries-dependent data to investigate landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Moore, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Do concerns about wind farms blow over with time? Residents’ acceptance over phases of project development and proximity | le Maitre, J.; Ryan, G.; Power, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts | De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry | Skjølsvold, T.; Heidenreich, S.; Henriksen, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
The effect of offshore wind farms on the variation of the phytoplankton population | Kordan, M.; Yakan, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Assessment of Technology Gaps for Statistically Robust Data and Integration of Monitoring of Birds and Marine Mammals into Equipment and Operations of Offshore Windfarms | Schultz, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
MUSSEL CULTIVATION AS A CO-USE IN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY | Buck, B.; Ebeling, M.; Michler-Cieluch, T. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Use of High Resolution Sonar for Near-Turbine Fish Observations (DIDSON) - WeSea 2007-002 | Couperus, B.; Winter, E.; van Keeken, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Pelagic Fish, Fish | |
Early Development of the Subtidal Marine Biofouling on a Concrete Offshore Windmill Foundation on the Thornton Bank (Southern North Sea): First Monitoring Results | Kerckhof, F.; Rumes, B.; Jacques, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Residence Time and Behaviour of Sole and Cod in the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee | Winter, H.; Aarts, G.; van Keeken, O. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish | ||
Approaches to Marine Mammal Monitoring at Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Macleod, K.; Du Fresne, S.; Mackey, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Marine Mammals | ||
Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | Kaplan, B.; Beegle-Krause, C.; McCay, D.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | ||
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 3: Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Studies | Geo-Marine Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles | ||
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 4: Fish and Fisheries Studies | Geo-Marine Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines | Chief Medical Officer of Heath of Ontario | Report | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms | Boon, A.; ter Hofstede, R.; Klok, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds, Bats | ||
A Net-Present Value Analysis for a Wind Turbine Purchase at a Small US College | Johnson, N.; Solomon, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Adapting Offshore Wind Power Foundations to Local Environment | Hammar, L.; Andersson, S.; Rosenberg, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) | International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
London Array Offshore Wind Farm: Pre-Construction Fish Survey Spring 2010 | Brown & May Marine | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Why we still don’t understand the social aspects of wind power: A critique of key assumptions within the literature | Aitken, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Cumulative Impacts of Wave Energy In Oregon: Data Atlas | Parametrix; Aquatera | Report | Marine Energy, Wave | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Effects of Pile-Driving Noise on the Behaviour of Marine Fish | Mueller-Blenkle, C.; McGregor, P.; Gill, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee Recommendations | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish | ||
An Introduction to Socio-Economic Assessment within a Marine Strategy Framework | Turner, R.; Hadley, D.; Luisetti, T.; et al. | Report | Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | |||
Measurements of acoustic scattering from zooplankton and oceanic microstructure using a broadband echosounder | Lavery, A.; Chu, D.; Moum, J. | Journal Article | Invertebrates | |||
Exposure to Seismic Survey Alters Blue Whale Acoustic Communication | Di Iorio, L.; Clark, C. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
General Models of the Spatial Distribution of Porpoises Require Representative Data and Parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008) | Tougaard, J.; Wisz, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
The Marine environment: an acceptable alternative to land for locating renewable energy generation? | Goebbels, M. | Thesis | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data |
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