The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting | Bats, Birds | |
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 | MacEwan, K.; Aronson, J.; Richardson, K.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers | del Valle, J.; Peralta, F.; Arjona, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project | Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Collision risk of bats with small wind turbines: Worst-case scenarios near roosts, commuting and hunting structures | Hartmann, S.; Hochradel, K.; Greule, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Using DNA barcoding to improve bat carcass identification at wind farms in the United States | Korstian, J.; Hale, A.; Bennett, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
The Role of Regional-Scale Weather Variables in Predicting Bat Mortality and Bat Acoustic Activity: Potential for Use in the Development of Smart Curtailment Algorithms | Farnsworth, A.; Horton, K.; Heist, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2021 Update) | American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) | Report | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds | Horton, K.; Van Doren, B.; Albers, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Lighting | Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway | Oppel, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Bakari, S,; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Pollock, C.; Lane, J.; Buckingham, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol | Maurer, J.; Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Three-dimensional analysis of bat flight paths around small wind turbines suggests no major collision risk or behavioral changes | Hochradel, K.; Hartmann, S.; Reers, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision | Bats | |
Comprehensive Bird Preservation at Wind Farms | Gradolwski, D.; Dziak, D.; Martynow, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Wildlife Mortality in Wind Turbine Transformer Basins | Meyer, S.; Matlack, R.; Ray, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Estimating bird flight height using 3-D photogrammetry | Prinsloo, N.; Postma, M.; Ryan, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds | |
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas | Nopp-Mayr, U.; Kunz, F.; Suppan, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts | |
Risk of Avian Collisions in Wind Turbines | Matsuda, H.; Sugimoto, H.; Shimada, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration | Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
Assessing fatality minimization for hoary bats amid continued wind energy development | Friedenberg, N.; Frick, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Development and testing of a three-dimensional ballistics model for bat strikes on wind turbines | Prakash, S.; Markfort, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies | Barrientos, R.; Martins, R.; Ascensão, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Final Report Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Bird Fatality Study, Monitoring Years 2005–2013 | ICF International | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC | Brown, K.; Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Nocturnal Behavior of Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities | Castle, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Interim Summary on the Effectiveness of the Winter Period Turbine Shutdown in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area | Erickson, W.; Strickland, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project | Insignia Environmental | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Long-Term Trends in Fatality Rates of Birds and Bats in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California | Smallwood, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 | Chatfield, A.; Levenstein, K.; DiDonato, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta X Wind Energy Project, Kern County, California. Final Report for the Second Year of Operation: April 2015 – April 2016 | Thompson, J.; Boyd, C.; Lombardi, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
An autonomous GPS geofence alert system to curtail avian fatalities at wind farms | Sheppard, J.; McGann, A.; Lanzone, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Sex- but not age-biased wind turbine collision mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | Heuck, C.; Herrmann, C.; Wendt, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines | Stokke, B.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Annual Report for the Noble Bliss Windpark, LLC Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study 2008 | Jain, A.; Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report | Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Tier 4 Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Study for the Odell Wind Energy Project Cottonwood and Jackson Counties, Minnesota: Final Fatality Report December 2016 – December 2017 | Chodachek, K.; Gustafson, Z. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh II Wind Power Project Solano County, California | Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Culp, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey | Tercan, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 | SWCA Environmental Consultants | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon | Enk, T.; Bay, K.; Sonnenberg, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Klondike III (Phase 1) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Study October 2007–October 2009 | Gritski, B.; Downes, S.; Kronner, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Klondike IIIa (Phase 2) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Year One Summary August 2008–August 2010 | Gritski, B.; Downes, S.; Kronner, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
FARMLAND BIRDS ACROSS THE WORLD | van der Weijden, W.; Terwan, P.; Guldemond, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds: the black stork (Ciconia nigra) in Italy as a case study | Smeraldo, S.; Bosso, L.; Fraissinet, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds |
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