The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review | Goodale, W.; Divoll, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality | Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Wind Power Company Compliance with Mitigation Plans in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area | Smallwood, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Birds, Bats | |
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities | Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Using echolocation monitoring to model bat occupancy and inform mitigations at wind energy facilities | Weller, T.; Baldwin, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Bats | |
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development | Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Resident Golden Eagle Ranging Behaviour Before and After Construction of a Windfarm in Argyll | Walker, D.; McGrady, M.; McCluskie, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota | Usgaard, R.; Naugle, D.; Osborn, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in Northwest Massachusetts: 2006 Annual Report | Arnett, E.; Huso, M.; Reynolds, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats | |
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in South-Central Pennsylvania | Arnett, E.; Hayes, J.; Huso, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Impact of Wind Power Plants on Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix in Alpine Regions | Zeiler, H.; Grunschachner-Berger, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy: Birds and Bats | Island Institute | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds, Bats | |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Impacts on Biodiversity of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources: The Example of Birds and Bats | Hötker, H.; Thomsen, K.; Jeromin, H. | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models | Chamberlain, D.; Rehfisch, M.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds | |
Wind Energy's Subtle Effect - Habitat Fragmentation | Pruett, J. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms | Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines | Furness, B.; Wade, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria | Lumsden, L.; Moloney, P.; Smales, I. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines | Horn, J.; Arnett, E.; Kunz, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Bats and Offshore Wind Turbines Studied in Southern Scandinavia | Ahlén, I.; Bach, L.; Baagøe, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Bats Avoid Radar Installations: Could Electromagnetic Fields Deter Bats from Colliding with Wind Turbines? | Racey, P.; Nicholls, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Bats | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk | Goldenberg, S.; Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development | Kirol, C.; Smith, K.; Graf, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe | Coppes, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Grunschachner-Berger, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Birkhühner Tetrao tetrix (Linnaeus 1758): Ein Leben zwischen Windrädern und Schiliften | Grunschachner-Berger, V.; Kainer, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility | LeBeau, C.; Kauffman, M.; Smith, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation | European Commission | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers | Bennun, L.; van Bochove, J.; Ng, C.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Proceedings from the State of the Science and Technology for Minimizing Impacts to Bats from Wind Energy | Hein, C.; Straw, B. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
Contextualizing Avian Mortality: A Preliminary Appraisal of Bird and Bat Fatalities from Wind, Fossil-Fuel, and Nuclear Electricity | Sovacool, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Wind Power Plants and the Conservation of Birds and Bats in Spain: A Geographical Assessment | Telleria, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Bats | |
Renewable Energy Resources and Wildlife: Impacts and Opportunities | Arnett, E.; Strickland, M.; Morrison, M. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Using Stakeholder Input to Develop a Comparative Risk Assessment for Wildlife from the Life Cycles of Six Electrical Generation Fuels | Zillioux, E.; Newman, J.; Lampman, G.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Stakeholder Engagement, Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in North-Eastern Greece | Georgiakakis, P.; Kret, E.; Carcamo, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Attraction | Bats | |
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm | Garvin, J.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Evidence of Latitudinal Migration in Tri-colored Bats, Perimyotis subflavus | Fraser, E.; McGuire, L.; Eger, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats | |
Increased Flight Altitudes among Migrating Golden Eagles Suggest Turbine Avoidance at a Rocky Mountain Wind Installation | Johnston, N.; Bradley, J.; Otter, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Raptors | |
Monitoring Seasonal Bat Activity on a Coastal Barrier Island in Maryland, USA | Johnson, J.; Gates, J.; Zegre, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats | |
Bat Mortality and Activity at a Northern Iowa Wind Resource Area | Jain, A.; Koford, R.; Hancock, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Have we all gone batty? The need for a better balance between the conservation of protected species and the development of clean renewable energy | Householder, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches | Korner-Nievergelt, F.; Korner-Nievergelt, P.; Behr, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Birds, Bats | |
Insect Attraction to Wind Turbines: Does Colour Play a Role? | Long, C.; Flint, J.; Lepper, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates, Birds, Bats | |
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2013 | Rodrigues, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats |
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