The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Seabird Counts at East Caithness Cliffs SPA for Marine Renewable Casework | Swann, B. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea | Hüppop, O.; Huppop, K.; Diersche, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Data to Decision in a Dynamic Ocean: Robust Species Distribution Models and Spatial Decision Frameworks | Halpin, P. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Recreation & Tourism | ||
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Valuation of Ecological and Amenity Impacts of an Offshore Windfarm as a Factor in Marine Planning | Börger, T.; Hooper, T.; Austen, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms | Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Humber Gateway: Bird Detection Radar Pink-footed Goose Monitoring Autumn 2015 | Jones, R.; Peggie, C.; Fouracre, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean | Zipkin, E.; Kinlan, B.; Sussman, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
The Scientific Validity of Criticisms made by the RSPB of Metrics used to Assess Population Level Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Seabirds | Cook, A.; Robinson, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Offshore wind farms in Southern Europe – Determining tourist preference and social acceptance | Westerberg, V.; Jacobsen, J.; Lifran, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions | ||
Marine Licence Hywind Scotland Pilot Park | The Scottish Government; Marine Scotland | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Marine Life Observation using Classification Algorithms on Ocean Surface Photographs | Maussang, F.; Guelton, L.; Garello, R.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
NYSERDA Environmental Research Program Plan Research Area 4: Marine Wind and Wildlife | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms | Brabant, R.; Vanermen, N.; Steinen, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty | Masden, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Symbiotic Offshore Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems | Slocum, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Birds | ||
Key Seabird Areas in Southern New England Identified Using a Community Occupancy Model | Flanders, N.; Gardner, B.; Winiarski, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm | Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Poot, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Occurrence of peaks in songbird migration at rotor heights of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Krijgsveld, K.; Fijn, R.; Lensink, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
A Review of Bird Strike Mortality at Irish Onshore Windfarms | Fennelly, R. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Seabird-Wind Farm Interactions During the Breeding Season Vary Within and Between Years: A Case Study of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Larus fuscus in the UK | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
2nd Iteration: Effect of turbine capacity on collision numbers for three large gull species, based on revised density data, when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on birds in the southern North Sea | van der Wal, J.; Fijn, R.; Gyimesi, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Year 1 Post-Construction Monitoring Report | MarineSpace Ltd | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | ||
Classification of Birds and Bats Using Flight Tracks | Cullinan, V.; Matzner, S.; Duberstein, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds | ||
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges | Walker, R.; Swift, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats | ||
Other Environmental Issues of Wind Energy Development: Aesthetics, Cultural Resources, Land Use Compatibility, Water Resources, and Site Restoration | Walker, R.; Swift, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction | Ainley, D.; Porzig, E.; Zajanc, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Iteration cycle: Dealing with peaks in counts of birds following active fishing vessels when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea | Leopold, M.; Collier, M.; Gyimesi, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Developing a Habitat Loss Method for Assessing Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms | Busch, M.; Buisson, R.; Barrett, Z.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options | May, R.; Reitan, O.; Bevanger, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
A first approach to deal with cumulative effects on birds and bats of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea | Leopold, M.; Boonman, M.; Collier, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Seabirds | ||
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: A First Approach to Deal with Cumulative Effects on Birds and Bats of Offshore Wind Farms and Other Human Activities in the Southern North Sea | Leopold, M.; Boonman, M.; Collier, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Bats | ||
First year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild | Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds | |
Renewable Energy Developments in an Uncertain World: The Case of Offshore Wind and Birds in the UK | Masden, E.; McCluskie, A.; Owen, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
A Life Cycle Co-Benefits Assessment of Wind Power in China | Xue, B.; Ma, Z.; Geng, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note | Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway | BirdLife International | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generated by Offshore Wind Farms | Reimers, B.; Özdirik, B.; Kaltschmitt, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment | Horton, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Understanding Bird Collisions at Wind Farms: An Updated Review on the Causes and Possible Mitigation Strategies | Marques, A.; Batalha, H.; Rodrigues, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
The challenges and possible solutions of horizontal axis wind turbines as a clean energy solution for the future | Ahmed, N.; Cameron, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) Movements at Sea in Relation to Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Wade, H.; Masden, E.; Jackson, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Parc éolien en mer de St Nazaire : Analyse complémentaire des impacts sur le Goéland marin (Larus marinus) | McGregor, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms | Bradbury, G.; Trinder, M.; Furness, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds |
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