The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M.; Johnston, A.; Beck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia | Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds | |
Drivers of bat activity at wind turbines advocate for mitigating bat exposure using multicriteria algorithm-based curtailment | Barre, K.; Froidevaux, J.; Sotillo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments | Laranjeiro, T.; May, R.; Verones, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration | Nilsson, C.; Dokter, A.; Schmid, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Opportunistic Offshore Sighting of a Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) | Bort Thornton, J.; Richlen, M.; McDonald, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats | |
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds | Searle, K.; O'Brien, S.; Jones, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Oceanic records of North American bats and implications for offshore wind energy development in the United States | Solick, D.; Newman, C. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction | Bats | |
Migratory Disturbance Thresholds with Mule Deer and Energy Development | Sawyer, H.; Lambert, M.; Merkle, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Activity Pattern and Correlation between Bat and Insect Abundance at Wind Turbines in South Sweden | de Jong, J.; Millon, L.; Håstad, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Invertebrates | |
Interspecific effects of forest fragmentation on bats | Segers, J.; Broders, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Coastal onshore wind turbines lead to habitat loss for bats in Northern Germany | Reusch, C.; Lozar, M.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Numerical Approximations Methods for Antenna Radiation Patterns for Motus Wildlife Tracking Systems | Carlson, E.; Gobeille, D.; Deluca, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
National-scale impacts on wind energy production under curtailment scenarios to reduce bat fatalities | Maclaurin, G.; Hein, C.; Williams, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Bat flight height monitored from wind masts predicts mortality risk at wind farms | Roemer, C.; Disca, T.; Coulon, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Attraction | Bats | |
Resource Availability May Not Be a Useful Predictor of Migratory Bat Fatalities or Activity at Wind Turbines | Bennett, V.; Hale, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction | Bats | |
Echolocation activity of migratory bats at a wind energy facility: testing the feeding-attraction hypothesis to explain fatalities | Reimer, J.; Baerwald, E.; Barlay, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction | Bats | |
Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Upland Breeding Birds at an Operational Wind Farm | Douglas, D.; Bellamy, P.; Pearce-Higgins, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Shorebirds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Bat Activity, Composition, and Collision Mortality At a Large Wind Plant in Minnesota | Johnson, G.; Perlik, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Approaching Population Thresholds in Presence of Uncertainty: Assessing Displacement of Seabirds from Offshore Wind Farms | Busch, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Activity of Tree Bats at Anthropogenic Tall Structures: Implications for Mortality of Bats at Wind Turbines | Jameson, J.; Willis, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
Bat Deaths and Wind Turbines - A Review of Current Knowledge, and of the Information Available in the Database for Germany | Durr, T.; Bach, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
A Scheimpflug lidar used to observe insect swarming at a wind turbine | Jansson, S.; Malmqvist, E.; Brydegaard, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction | Bats, Invertebrates | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France | Kinani, K.; Meunier, S.; Vido, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
How to Mitigate Impacts of Wind Farms on Bats? A Review of Potential Conservation Measures in the European Context | Peste, F.; Paula, A.; Pinto da Silva, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review | Wang, S.; Wang, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mercker, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A.; Routavaara, H.; Jokikokko, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria | Brunner, H.; Friedel, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines | Arnett, E.; Hein, C.; Schirmacher, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review | Coppes, J.; Braunisch, V.; Bollmann, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Research Priorities for Wind Energy and Migratory Wildlife | Piorkowski, M.; Farnsworth, A.; Fry, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Birds, Bats | |
Influence of landscape and time of year on bat-wind turbines collision risks | Roemer, C.; Bas, Y.; Disca, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation | Willis, C.; Barclay, R.; Boyles, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures | Flydal, K.; Eftestol, S.; Reimers, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power | Sovacool, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Birds, Bats | |
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Flight Behaviour of Wintering Common Eiders: Implications for Habitat Use and Collision Risk | Larsen, J.; Guillemette, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models | Chamberlain, D.; Rehfisch, M.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds | |
Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines | Horn, J.; Arnett, E.; Kunz, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats |
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