The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Better estimates of collision mortality to black-legged kittiwakes at offshore windfarms | Black, J.; Cook, A.; Anderson, O. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report | Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Moray East Pre-Construction Survey Campaign Summary Report | Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds | Fox, A.; Petersen, I-K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States | Allison, T.; Diffendorfer, J.; Baerwald, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies | Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish | |
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Effects of turbine collision mortality on population dynamics of 13 bird species | Potiek, A.; Collier, M.; Schekkerman, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) | Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B.; Halpin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling | Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island | HDR | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions | Rebke, M.; Dierschke, V.; Weiner, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Lighting | Birds | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: INNOVATION TO COMMERCIALIZATION | Northeastern University | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters | Rodríguez, A.; Arcos, J.; Bretagnolle, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches | Wochner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment | Horton, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) | Wang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Duan, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms | Bradbury, G.; Trinder, M.; Furness, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Construction of the Block Island Wind Farm | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats | Ford, J.; Nichol, L. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Hearing frequencies of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) temporarily affected by played back offshore pile driving sounds | Kastelein, R.; Gransier, R.; Marijt, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Avoidance Behaviour of Birds around Offshore Wind Farms: Overview of Knowledge Including Effects of Configuration | Krijgsveld, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Marine Mammals Trace Anthropogenic Structures at Sea | Russell, D.; Brasseur, S.; Thompson, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change | Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes | |
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment | Boezaart, A.; Edmonson, J.; Standridge, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Characterization and Potential Impacts of Noise Producing Construction and Operation Activities on the Outer Continental Shelf: Data Synthesis | Martin, B.; Zeddies, D.; MacDonnell, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Use of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to Assess the Potential for Long Term Impacts from Piling Noise on Marine Mammal Populations - A Case Study from the Scottish East Coast | De Silva, R.; Grellier, K.; Lye, G.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Report of the Workshop on International Harmonisation of Approaches to Define Underwater Noise Exposure Criteria | Lucke, K.; Winter, E.; Lam, F.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Design and Initial Component Tests of an Integrated Avian and Bat Collision Detection System for Offshore Wind Turbines | Flowers, J.; Albertani, R.; Harrison, T.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms | Marine Management Organisation (MMO) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Soaring Migratory Birds Avoid Wind Farm in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Southern Mexico | Villegas-Patraca, R.; Cabrera-Cruz, S.; Herrera-Alsina, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Etude d’Impact Acoustique du Parc Eolien Offshore du Banc de Guérande, Saint-Nazaire, France | Clorennec, D.; Folegot, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Clark, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Construction and Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan Block Island Wind Farm | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
Effects of Noise and By-Catch on a Danish Harbour Porpoise Population | Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Sibly, R.; Tougaard, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Monitoring ship noise to assess the impact of coastal developments on marine mammals | Merchant, N.; Pirotta, E.; Barton, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Negative long term effects on harbour porpoises from a large scale offshore wind farm in the Baltic—evidence of slow recovery | Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Negative Long Term Effects on Harbour Porpoises from a Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic - Evidence of Slow Recovery | Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms | Marine Scotland Science; Scottish Government; UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 | Skov, H.; Leonhard, S.; Heinänen, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities | Willmott, J.; Allison Costello, E.; Gordon, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds |
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