The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Draft Guidance Regarding the Use of a Project Design Envelope in a Construction and Operations Plan | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Seabird Counts at North Caithness Cliffs SPA in 2015 and 2016 for Marine Renewable Casework | Swann, B. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Seabird counts at St Abb's Head to Fast Castle SPA in 2016 for Marine Renewables Casework | Swann, B. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Still Spinning: A Look at the Federal Legal Landscape of Offshore Wind Energy in the United States | Jared, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
The mechanics of blue growth: Management of oceanic natural resource use with multiple, interacting sectors | Klinger, D.; Eikeset, A.; Davíðsdóttir, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Do birds in flight respond to (ultra)violet lighting? | May, R.; Åström, J.; Hamre, Ø.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy First Annual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report | ScottishPower Renewables | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm | Vallejo, G.; Grellier, K.; Nelson, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals | ||
Marine Spatial Plan for Washington’s Pacific Coast | Bates, E.; Gianou, K.; Hennessey, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species | Wakefield, E.; Owen, E.; Baer, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Density dependence and marine bird populations: are wind farm assessments precautionary? | Horswill, C.; O'Brien, S.; Robinson, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement | Dirksen, S.; Coppack, T.; Searle, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Performance test and verification of an off-the-shelf automated avian radar tracking system | May, R.; Steinheim, Y.; Kvaløy, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Seabirds? What seabirds? An exploratory study into the origin of seabirds visiting the SE North Sea and their survival bottlenecks | Leopold, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
A Markov Model for Planning and Permitting Offshore Wind Energy: A Case Study of Radio-Tracked Terns in the Gulf of Maine, USA | Cranmer, A.; Smetzer, J.; Welch, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
High-resolution sea duck distribution modeling: Relating aerial and ship survey data to food resources, anthropogenic pressures, and topographic variables | Heinänen, S.; Zydelis, R.; Dorsch,M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets | Garthe, S.; Peschko, V.; Kubetzki, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Red Kite | Mammen, K.; Mammen, U.; Resetaritz, A. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2016/2017 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Waterfowl | ||
Towards a Framework for Quantifying the Population-Level Consequences of Anthropogenic Pressures on the Environment: The Case of Seabirds and Windfarms | Cook, A.; Robinson, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Community benefits from offshore renewables: The relationship between different understandings of impact, community, and benefit | Rudolph, D.; Haggett, C.; Aitken, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Stakeholder Engagement, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Review of Methods and Techniques for Field Validation of Collision Rates and Avoidance Amongst Birds and Bats at Offshore Wind Turbines | Dirksen, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Bat 1: Estimate of bat populations at the southern North Sea - Supporting note to ZDV report no. 2016.031 Migrating bats at the southern North Sea | Lagerveld, S.; Limpens, H.; Schillemans, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Improving Efficiencies of National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Facilities - Case Studies Report | English, P.; Mason, T.; Backstrom, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Unforeseen Responses of a Breeding Seabird to the Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm | Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
A Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects (FAECE) of Offshore Wind Farms on Birds, Bats and Marine Mammals in the Southern North Sea | Platteeuw, M.; Bakker, J.; van den Bosch, I.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Birds, Bats | ||
Seabird Distribution and Abundance in the Offshore Environment Final Report | Kuletz, K.; Labunski, E. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Effects Matrix for Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Development on U.S. Atlantic Coastal Habitats | Latham, P.; Fiore, W.; Bauman, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | |
Appendix J WEST NEXRAD Analysis: Assessment of Nocturnal Bird Migration Activity from Weather Radar Data for the Proposed Icebreaker Wind Energy Facility, Lake Erie, Ohio | Nations, C.; Gordon, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds | ||
Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Seabirds: A Pilot Study in Northern Gannets in the Southern North Sea | Garthe, S.; Markones, N.; Corman, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Joint SNCB Interim Displacement Advice Note | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC); Natural England | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Civil Engineering Aspects of a Wind Farm and Wind Turbine Structures | Bhattacharya, S. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment | |
Assessment of Displacement Impacts of Offshore Windfarms and Other Human Activities on Red-Throated Divers and Alcids | McGovern, S.; Goddard, B.; Rehfisch, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Patterns of migrating soaring migrants indicate attraction to marine wind farms | Skov, H.; Desholm, M.; Heinänen, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Lack of Sound Science in Assessing Wind Farm Impacts on Seabirds | Green, R.; Langston, R.; McCluskie, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Marine wind energy and the North Sea Offshore Grid Initiative: A Multi-Level Perspective on a stalled technology transition? | Flynn, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Modelling flight heights of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Great Skuas from GPS: a Bayesian approach | Ross-Smith, V.; Thaxter, C.; Masden, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Appendix L-1 WEST Summary of Risks to Birds and Bats | Gordon, C.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds | ||
Project Icebreaker Bird and Bat Risk Analysis | Gordon, C.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Achieving Blue Growth through Maritime Spatial Planning: Offshore Wind Energy Optimization and Biodiversity Conservation in Spain | Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D.; Malak, D.; Soukissian, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes | ||
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds |
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