Fact Sheet: Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy to Population Impacts on Wildlife

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The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Sort ascending Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Electromagnetic fields from submarine power cables: A 35 Year synthesis of effects on aquatic biota James, E., Ghodsi, M., Ford, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
A global decision framework for reducing bat fatalities at wind energy facilities Frick, W., Whitby, M., Wilson, D., MacEwan, K., Hulka, S., Akre, K., O'Mara, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
An individual-based model to quantify the non-breeding season impact of wind farms on seabirds Buckingham, L., Masden, E. , Layton-Matthews, K., Bringsvor, I., Bråthen, V., Dehnhard, N., Fauchald, P., Lorentsen, S., Reiertsen, T., Searle, K., Tarroux, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Long-Term Decline in Bird Collisions at Operational Wind Farms: Evidence from Systematic Monitoring to Support Sustainable Wind Energy Development (2010–2024) Yordanov, N., Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
10 Things to consider before approving another offshore wind farm: A case study for Highland, Scotland Goddijn-Murphy, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions
Fostering a just energy transition: A framework for policy design IRENA Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Cumulative impacts of offshore wind and commercial vessels on harbour porpoise populations in Danish waters Gallagher, C., Frankish, C., Teilmann, J., Cordier, A., Weller, F., Nabe-Nielsen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effects of electromagnetic fields from an alternating current power cable on the embryogenesis of three benthic associated marine species Paoletti, S., Brabant, R., Strammer, I., Sigray, P., Rolleberg, N., Stewart, B., Aerts, J., Degraer, S., Hutchison, Z., Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Modelling population-level impacts of wind farm collision risk on Welsh Red Kites: populations functionally linked to two Special Protection Areas Hereward, H., Macgregor, C., Gabb, O., Connell, A., Thomas, R., Cross, A., Taylor, R. Report Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Technical brief – update of harbour porpoise summer distribution in the Belt Sea Gilles, A., Pigeault, R., Benoit, V., Ramirez-Martinez, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Uncertainty and approaches to evaluating uncertainty (WP1): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Furness, R.W., Searle, K., Jones, E., Delacombe, K., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
A Porpoise-Driven Approach: Using Agent-Based Models to Predict Population Consequences of Offshore Wind Noises on Gulf of Maine Harbor Porpoises Pridonoff, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Summary report of sensitivity analysis (WP2): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Butler, A., Matthiopoulos, J., Lorenzo-Arribas, A., Searle, K., Delacombe, K., Jones, E.L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Review of methods used to calculate scale of artificial nesting structures proposed as a compensation measure for Kittiwake mortality at offshore wind farms Rhoades, J., Johnston, D.T., Humphreys, E.M., Boersch-Supan, P.H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Managing the effects of offshore wind farm noise on marine animals: Lessons learned after 25 years of research in Europe and beyond Thomsen, F. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Threat Assessment for the Critically Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Vanderlaan, A., Lang, S., Sanchez, M., Murphy, M., Pisano, O., Christie, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Impacts of offshore wind farms on migratory bats in British waters Hooker, J., Lintott, P., Boughey, K., Worledge, L., Park, K., Collins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Lighting Bats
Robust real-time detection of right whale upcalls using neural networks on the edge Hyer, M., Anderson, A., Mann, D., Mooney, T., Aoki, N., Jensen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Foraging areas of coastal and offshore seabirds in the Dutch North Sea - An analysis of survey and tracking data Madden, H., van Bemmelen, R., van der Have, T., Fijn, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wind Energy Interactions with Wildlife Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Based on the State of the Science Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute (REWI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Bats, Birds
Population-level impacts of wind energy for two fruit bat species in South Africa Aronson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Terrestrial Mammals
Evaluating aerial LiDAR and other approaches to avian flight height measurement– ReSCUE Project Validation Study Report Rhoades, J., Feather, A., Harwood, A., Banks, A., Boersch-Supan, P.H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Untangling the way forward for responsible offshore wind energy: Recommendations to reduce marine life entanglement risks Gutierrez, I, Kershaw, F, Loomis, B Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Ecological impacts of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps Harris, C., Benjamins, S., Scott, B., Williamson, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Temporal presence of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins to the piling during the first offshore wind farm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China Fang, L., Wu, Y., Pine, M., Wang, X., Chen T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on Upper Ocean Variability and Marine Ecosystems Eliassen, F. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Impacts to stock abundance indices due to offshore wind development-driven changes to fishery-independent survey effort Miller, A. Thesis Wind Energy Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Spatiotemporal patterns in sex ratios of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in the United States Weaver, S., Hale, A., Nelson, D., Fritts, S., Katzner, T., Chipps, A., Korstian, J., LiCari, S., Nagel, J., Williams, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A review of the Biological Defined Minimum Population Scale (BDMPS) approach and methodology to apportioning non-breeding season impacts on seabirds arising from offshore wind farms Johnston, D., Langlois Lopez, S., Humphreys, E., O'Hanlon, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Seabirds in 3D: A Framework to Evaluate Collision Vulnerability with Future Offshore Wind Developments [Final Report] Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C., Jacobson, A., Schneider, S., Bernstein, S., Trush, S., Ainley, D., Terrill, S., Kramer, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
A flexible framework for species based regional cumulative effects assessments to support offshore wind energy planning and management Ferguson, M., Williams, K., Goodale, W., Adams, E., Knaga, P., Kingdon, K., Avery-Gomm, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Predicted and observed responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving noise at Moray West Offshore Wind Farm Thompson, P., Benhemma-Le Gall, A., Lee, R., Stephenson, S., Mason, T., Abad Oliva, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Proceedings of the 15th Wind Wildlife Research Meeting Gottlieb, I. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Suitability of assessing population-level impacts from construction of a single wind farm – a case study on North Sea harbour porpoises van Geel, N., Benjamins, S., Marmo, B., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Wittich, A., Risch, D., Todd, V., Wilson, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Spatial models of cetacean density in European Atlantic waters based on SCANS-IV summer 2022 survey data Gilles, A., Authier, M., Pigeault, R., Ramirez-Martinez, N., Benoit, V., Carlström, J., Eira, C., Geelhoed, S., Laran, S., Sequeira, M., Sveegaard, S., Taylor, N., Saavedra, C., Vázquez-Bonales, J., Hammond, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Metagenomic biodiversity assessment within an offshore wind farm Serivichyaswat, P., Scholte, T., Wilms, T., Stranddorf, L., van der Valk, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Quantification of mortality rates associated with displacement (QuMR) Appendix D Searle, K., Daunt, F., Pollock, C., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Quantification of mortality rates associated with displacement (QuMR) Final Report Searle, K., Daunt, F., Pollock, C., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Quantification of mortality rates associated with displacement (QuMR) Appendix A Searle, K., Daunt, F., Pollock, C., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Framework for assessing species vulnerability whilst on migration to a spatially explicit anthropogenic pressure Green, R., Burton, N., Cook, A., Franks, S., Green, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl