Fact Sheet: Adaptive Management for Wind and Wildlife Interactions

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Adaptive management (AM) is a learning-based management approach that is used to reduce scientific uncertainty, and has been applied to many types of development including filling of wetlands and various forms of renewable energy. AM has been identified as a tool to advance the wind energy industry. The AM summary (fact sheet) was created to provide a broad summary of the WREN AM white paper and to highlight AM as an approach to tackling environmental impacts of wind energy developments. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here. 

Adaptive Management for Wind and Wildlife Interactions (English)

Gestion adaptative des interactions de l’énergie éolienne et la faune (French)

Adaptives Management für die Interaktionen von Windenergie und relevanten Tierartens (German)

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Underwater Noise in Offshore Wind Farms: Monitoring Technologies, Acoustic Characteristics, and Long-Term Adaptive Management Zhu, P., Hu, Z., Li, H., Dai, M., Chen, J., Hu, Z., Xu, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
A global decision framework for reducing bat fatalities at wind energy facilities Frick, W., Whitby, M., Wilson, D., MacEwan, K., Hulka, S., Akre, K., O'Mara, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Cumulative impacts of offshore wind and commercial vessels on harbour porpoise populations in Danish waters Gallagher, C., Frankish, C., Teilmann, J., Cordier, A., Weller, F., Nabe-Nielsen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Review of methods used to calculate scale of artificial nesting structures proposed as a compensation measure for Kittiwake mortality at offshore wind farms Rhoades, J., Johnston, D.T., Humphreys, E.M., Boersch-Supan, P.H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
New frontiers in wind-wildlife monitoring systems Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
ORJIP Closing the Loop: Recommendations and roadmap (D05) Jones, E., Hague, A., Booth, C., Skeate, E., Perrow, M., Searle, K., Scott-Hayward, L., Couto, A., Daunt, F., Miller, S., Lorenzo-Arribas, A., Hull, S., Sparling, C., Hastie, G., Delacombe, K., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity Watson, S., Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A., Wills, B., Watson, G., Beaumont, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Strategic Compensation Studies: Efficacy of predator reduction measures – a literature review Tarbet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Terrestrial Mammals
Biofouling on Offshore Wind Energy Structures: Characterization, Impacts, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Trends Poozesh, P., Nieto, F., Fernández, P., Ríos, R., Diaz-Casas, V. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow
Floating Offshore Wind Farms Attract Japanese Horse Mackerel Tsuchida, S., Kato, R., Nishitsuji, S., Anzai, S., Azmi, S., Tanaka, S., Masumi, S., Uchida, J., Aoshima, T., Hirasaka, K., Fujimoto, S., Shimizu, K., Hirose, M., Yagi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction Fish
Shutdown on Demand for the mitigation of bird collision risk at onshore wind farms in South Africa Smallie, J., Froneman, A., Smith, D., Mulvaney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Exploring development of spatially stratified wind turbine collision risk prior distributions for eagles: An application of adaptive management Howell, P., New, L., Bjerre, E., White, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Exploring Approaches to Fisheries’ Coexistence with Floating Offshore Wind Sandzen, A., Bakhsh, T., MacDonald, H., van Damme, C. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Towards holistic, participative and adaptable governance for offshore wind farm decommissioning Jurrius, L., van Hoof, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Effective Underwater Noise Management of Offshore Energy Activities: Use of Monitoring and Adaptive Management Carter, R., Capill, M., Carter, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
AB 525 Offshore Wind Strategic Plan Jones, M., Bartridge, J., Walker, L. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States Williams, K., Gulka, J., Cook, A., Diehl, R., Farnsworth, A., Goyert, H., Hein, C., Loring, P., Mizrahi, D., Petersen, I., Peterson, T., Press, K., Stenhouse, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities Willis-Norton, E., Mangin, T., Schroeder, D., Cabral, R., Gaines, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Assessment of Technology Gaps for Statistically Robust Data and Integration of Monitoring of Birds and Marine Mammals into Equipment and Operations of Offshore Windfarms Courbis, S., Williams, K., Stepanuk, J., Etter, H., McManus, M., Campoblanco, F., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Supplemental North Atlantic Right Whale Monitoring and Mitigation Plan for Pile Driving SouthCoast Wind Energy LLC Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Responsible Practices for Regional Wildlife Monitoring and Research in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development Offshore Wind Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E., Gerber, J., Ray, D., Slater, S., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Integrating Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring into Offshore Wind Energy Development Infrastructure and Operations Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A., Campoblanco, F., Willaims, K., Stepanuk, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Birds, Marine Mammals
A network approach to analyse Australia’s blue economy policy and legislative arrangements Frohlich, M., Fidelman, P., Dutton, I., Haward, M., Head, B., Maynard, D., Rissik, D., Vince, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Technology Gaps for Bird Monitoring in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A., Campoblanco, F., Williams, K., Stepanuk, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Technology Gaps for Marine Mammal Monitoring in Relation to Offshore Wind Development Courbis, S., Etter, H., Pacini, A., Campoblanco, F., Willaims, K., Stepanuk, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Game bird carcasses are less persistent than raptor carcasses, but can predict raptor persistence dynamics Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S., Rabie, P., Haddock, J., Kosciuch, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B., Vigin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Detection of Habitat Shifts of Cetacean Species: A Comparison Between 2010 and 2017 Habitat Suitability Conditions in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Chavez-Rosales, S., Josephson, E., Palka, D., Garrison, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Bitter Ridge Wind Farm Jay County, Indiana Murray, K., Voorhees, L., Pickle, J., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy Collision
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Rosewater Wind Farm White County, Indiana Rodriguez, M., Voorhees, L., Telander, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Risk of Avian Collisions in Wind Turbines Matsuda, H., Sugimoto, H., Shimada, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L., Simonis, J., Otto, M., Bjerre, E., Runge, M., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Wildlife Data Standardization and Sharing: Environmental Data Transparency for New York State Offshore Wind Energy New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Final Environmental Assessment Leaning Juniper I Wind Facility Eagle Incidental Take Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A., Gorton, A., May, R., Bennet, F., DeGeorge, E., Goncalves, M., Rumes, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Beacon Wind Fisheries Mitigation Plan Equinor, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
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