Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Hywind Scotland Floating Offshore Wind Farm: Sound Source Characterisation of Operational Floating Turbines Burns, R.; Martin, S.; Wood, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Depend on the Frequency Content of Pile-Driving Sounds Kastelein, R.; Jong, C.; Tougaard, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
How can the impacts of an operating wind farm on marine mammals be assessed? Couturier, L.; Curé, C.; Labach, H.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
The reef effect induced by wind farms and their grid connection Couturier, L.; Lecaillon, G.; Lenfant, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Vineyard Wind Demersal Trawl Survey Winter 2022 Seasonal Report Rillahan, C.; He, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
A bibliometric review on the implications of renewable offshore marine energy development on marine species Kulkarni, S.; Edwards, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Quarterly Report: July 2021 to October 2021 Arundale, M.; Warford, S.; Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): October 2021 Arundale, M.; Warford, S.; Robinson Willmott, J.; et al. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Conceptualizing community in energy systems: A systematic review of 183 definitions Bauwens, T.; Schraven, D.; Drewing, E.; et al. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Benthic Disturbance from Offshore Wind Foundations, Anchors, and Cables SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Introduction of New Offshore Wind Farm Structures: Effects on Fish Ecology SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
A scientific study recommends excluding and moving offshore wind farms away from the protected areas in the Mediterranean Universitat de Barcelona; University of Girona Magazine Article Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
2022 Pacific Seabird Group 49th Annual Meeting. 22 - 25 February 2022 Pacific Seabird Group (PSG) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Passive acoustic tracking of the three-dimensional movements and acoustic behaviour of toothed whales in close proximity to static nets Macaulay, G.; Kingston, A.; Coram, A.; et al. Journal Article Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Offshore wind farm effects on flounder and gadid dietary habits and condition on the northeastern US coast Wilber, D.; Brown, L.; Griffin, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Engaged minority or quiet majority? Social intentions and actions related to offshore wind energy development in the United States Fleming, C.; Gonyo, S.; Freitag, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations Díaz, H.; Teixeira, A.; Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
A fine-scale marine mammal movement model for assessing long-term aggregate noise exposure Joy, R.; Schick, R.; Dowd, M.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J.; Lejart, M.; Nexer, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z3: Protected Species Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (PSMMP): Marine Mammals Revolution Wind, LLC Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island with Emphasis on Large Whales: Final Report Campaign 6B, 2020-2021 O'Brien, O.; McKenna, K.; Pendleton, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
It Is a Balancing Act: The Interface of Scientific Evidence and Policy in Support of Effective Marine Environmental Management Lonsdale, J.; Gill, A.; Alliji, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
South Fork Wind: Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Automated Detection, Classification and Counting of Fish in Fish Passages With Deep Learning Kandimalla, V.; Richard, M.; Smith, F.; et al. Journal Article Fish
Weakly Supervised Detection of Marine Animals in High Resolution Aerial Images Berg, P.; Maia, D.; Pham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals
Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates Popper, A.; Hice-Dunton, L.; Jenkins, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Risk to Marine Life from Marine Debris & Floating Offshore Wind Cable Systems SEER Summary Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports by Species/Stock NOAA Fisheries Website Marine Mammals
Environmental Studies Program: Studies Development Plan 2022-2023 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Glossary: Marine Mammal Protection Act NOAA Fisheries Website Marine Mammals
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M.; Overhus, D.; Tugade, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Interplay Between EU Law and Regional Sea Conventions: Shaping Environmental Protection in Relation to Offshore Energy Production Across Europe? Giannopoulos, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Application of underwater passive acoustic measurements of ocean sound in precipitation estimation Anagnostou, M.; Anagnostou, E.; Nystuen, J.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Environmental Data Catalog for the Humboldt Wind Energy Area Johnson, C.; Currier, C.; Howar, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): September I 2021 Arundale, M.; Warford, S.; Robinson Willmott, J.; et al. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): September II 2021 Arundale, M.; Warford, S.; Robinson Willmott, J.; et al. Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2021 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Bilan annuel 2021 des études environnementales sur le parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire Parc eolien en mer de St Nazaire Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Comments on BOEM 2023-2024 Studies Development Plan Pacific Fishery Management Council Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Timing and Weather Offer Alternative Mitigation Strategies for Lowering Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in Ontario Squires, K.; Thurber, B.; Zimmerling, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore North Carolina Draft Supplemental Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
An echosounder view on the potential effects of impulsive noise pollution on pelagic fish around windfarms in the North Sea Kok, A.; Bruil, L.; Berges, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The uncertain future of the Norway lobster fisheries in the North Sea calls for new management strategies Letschert, J.; Stollberg, N.; Rambo, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Managing stakeholder perception and engagement for marine energy transitions in a decarbonising world Lange, M.; Cummins, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement

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