The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats—A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines | Nicholls, B.; Racey, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, EMF | Bats | |
Bats on the move | Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Wind Turbines and Bat Mortality: Interactions of Bat Echolocation Pulses with Moving Turbine Rotor Blades | Long, C.; Flint, J.; Lepper, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats | |
It's Not Easy Being Green: Wind Energy and a Declining Grassland Bird | Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (Bird Wind): Progress Report 2009 | Bevanger, K.; Berntsen, F.; Clausen, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Wind Turbines and Birds The Erie Shores Wind Farm Experience: Breeding Bird Surveys | James, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2007 | Jain, A.; Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Map-Based Repowering of the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Based on Burrowing Owl Burrows, Raptor Flights, and Collisions with Wind Turbines | Smallwood, K.; Neher, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Bird species of concern at wind farms in New Zealand | Powlesland, R. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
Chiropteran Risk Assessment: Proposed Pleasant Ridge Wind Energy Generation Facility, Livingston County, Illinois | BHE Environmental Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds: A Review | Powlesland, R. | Report | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Developing Guidance on Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farm Developers | King, S.; Maclean, I.; Norman, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Sage-Grouse and Wind Energy: Biology, Habits, and Potential Effects from Development | Becker, J.; Tagestad, J.; Duberstein, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio: An Addendum to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Voluntary Cooperative Agreement | Ohio Department of Natural Resources | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain | Farfan, M.; Vargas, J.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Birds | |
Wind Energy Development, Prescribed Fire and Migratory Land Birds in the Southeastern United States: Breeding, Stopover, and Wintering Habitat Relationships | Brennan, L.; Ballard, B.; Kuvlesky, W. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Interim Report: Post-Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study Blue Sky Green Field Wind Resource Area Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin | Gruver, J.; Bay, K.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
The Distribution of Breeding Birds around Upland Wind Farms | Pearce-Higgins, J.; Stephen, L.; Langston, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Birds | |
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy | Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Potential Impacts of Wind Farms on Migratory Birds Crossing Spain | Telleria, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Overlap Between Wind Power Plants and Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Spain | Telleria, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Using probability of occurrence to assess potential interaction between wind farms and a residual population of golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in NW Spain | Tapia, L.; Dominguez, J.; Rodriguez, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review | Goodale, W.; Divoll, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities | Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California | Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Patterns of Bat Fatality at the Casselman Wind Project in South-Central Pennsylvania: 2008 Annual Report | Arnett, E.; Schirmacher, M.; Huso, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Effectiveness of Changing Wind Turbine Cut-in Speed to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Facilities 2009 | Arnett, E.; Schirmacher, M.; Huso, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Whooping Cranes and Wind Development - An Issue Paper | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Shorebirds | |
Impact of Wind Power Plants on Black Grouse, Lyrurus tetrix in Alpine Regions | Zeiler, H.; Grunschachner-Berger, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Barriers to Movement: Impacts of Wind Farms on Migrating Birds | Masden, E.; Haydon, D.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Avian Sensitivity to Mortality: Prioritising Migratory Bird Species for Assessment at Proposed Wind Farms | Desholm, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Contextualizing Avian Mortality: A Preliminary Appraisal of Bird and Bat Fatalities from Wind, Fossil-Fuel, and Nuclear Electricity | Sovacool, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Assessment of Wind‐Farm and Other Bird Casualties from Carcasses Found on a Northumbrian Beach Over an 11‐Year Period | Newton, I.; Little, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Wind Power Plants and the Conservation of Birds and Bats in Spain: A Geographical Assessment | Telleria, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Bats | |
Towers, Turbines, Power Lines, and Buildings-Steps Being Taken by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to Avoid or Minimize Take of Migratory Birds at these Structures | Manville, A. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VII | Schwartz, S. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Modelling Human Impacts on the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) | Bekessy, S.; Wintle, B.; Gordon, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Raptors, Birds | |
A Large-Scale Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities | Baerwald, E.; Edworthy, J.; Holder, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities | Baerwald, E.; Barclay, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Bats and Onshore Wind Farms: Site-by-Site Assessment and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocols | Catherine, C.; Spray, S. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Large Scale Risk-Assessment of Wind-Farms on Population Viability of a Globally Endangered Long-Lived Raptor | Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Raptors, Birds | |
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions | Cryan, P.; Barclay, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Collision Risk of Birds with Modern Large Wind Turbines | Krijgsveld, K.; Akershoek, K.; Schenk, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Deadly Flights | Curry, A. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats | |
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report | Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Annual Report for the Noble Bliss Windpark, LLC Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study 2008 | Jain, A.; Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project | Insignia Environmental | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Potential Impacts of Wind Farm Energy Development on Upland Game Birds: Questions and Concerns | Brennan, L.; Perez, R.; DeMaso, S.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds |
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