The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental impacts from large scale offshore renewable energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area | Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm | Buyse, J.; Reubens, J.; Hostens, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Fish distribution in three dimensions around the Block Island Wind Farm as observed with conventional and volumetric echosounders | Jech, J.; Lipsky, A.; Moran, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish | |
Bat mortality in wind farms of southern Europe: temporal patterns and implications in the current context of climate change | del Mar Salguero, M.; De la Cruz, A.; Munoz, A-R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae are attracted by low-frequency noise simulating that of operating offshore wind farms | Cresci, A.; Zhang, G.; Durif, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M.; Johnston, A.; Beck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland | Deakin, Z.; Cook, A.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Proceedings of the 14th Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting | Johnson, K. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm | Bennett, E.; Florent, S.; Venosta, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect | Voigt, C.; Kaiser, K.; Look, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception | Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report | ORE Catapult; Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
DRAFT Ocean Wind 1 Offshore Wind Farm Biological Assessment | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) | Husby, M.; Pearson, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park | Karlsson, R.; Tivefälth, M.; Duranović, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
The reef effect induced by wind farms and their grid connection | Couturier, L.; Lecaillon, G.; Lenfant, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community | Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species | Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India | Kumara, H.; Babu, S.; Rao, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
South Fork Wind: Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm | Kämmerle, J.; Taubmann, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation | BirdLife International | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
The clash between biodiversity protection and renewable energy development in the European Union with reference to the Habitats and the Birds Directive s | Aikaterini, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project | Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Evaluating the fish aggregation effect of wind turbine facilities by using scientific echo sounder in Nanlong wind farm area, western Taiwan | Huang, T.; Lu, H.; Lin, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan | Ørsted; Eversource | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Lighting | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles |
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