The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor Sort descending | Receptor |
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Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar | Aschwanden, J.; Stark, H.; Peter, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Passerines, Birds | |
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty | Masden, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region | Forcey, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects | Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
A Study of the Risk of Collision with Power Lines by Waterbirds in Winter at Shotton Steel Works, North Wales | Balmer, D.; Henderson, I.; Clark, N. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Calculation of the Probability of a Collision of Territorial Birds of Prey with Wind Turbines | Rasran, L.; Grajetzky, B.; Mammen, U. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
How Ecofriendly are Wind Farms? | Cohn, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Acoustic mirrors as sensory traps for bats | Greif, S.; Zsebok, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms | Cook, A.; Johnson, A.; Wright, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
The Effects of a Wind Farm on Birds in a Migration Point: The Strait of Gibraltar | de Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; Ferrer, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Collision Fatality of Raptors in Wind Farms does not Depend on Raptor Abundance | de Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; Whitfield, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
The Influence of Group Size and Social Interactions on Collision Risk with Obstacles | Croft, S.; Budgey, R.; Pitchford, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds | |
Avian Collision Risk at an Offshore Wind Farm | Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development | Plonczkier, P.; Simms, I. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Bird Collisions with Power Lines: Failing to See the Way Ahead? | Martin, G.; Shaw, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Collision Risk of Birds with Modern Large Wind Turbines | Krijgsveld, K.; Akershoek, K.; Schenk, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Upland Raptors and the Assessment of Wind Farm Impacts | Madders, M.; Whitfield, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions | Cryan, P.; Barclay, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm | Garvin, J.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Bat Mortality and Activity at a Northern Iowa Wind Resource Area | Jain, A.; Koford, R.; Hancock, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Bat Interactions With Wind Turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: An Assessment of Bat Activity, Species Composition, and Collision Mortality | Johnson, G.; Perlik, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality | Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm | Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Poot, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: March 1998 - December 2000 | Thelander, C.; Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland | Young, D.; Nations, C.; Lout, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds, Bats | |
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update | Sovacool, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Evaluation of Wind‐Energy Survey Protocols for Migrating Eagle Detection | Chabot, E.; Slater, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines | Young, D.; Erickson, W.; Strickland, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Lighting, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Marine Protected Areas and Offshore Wind Farms | Sanders, N.; Haynes, T.; Goriup, P. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Marine Mammals | |
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M.; Smith, A.; Lovich, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
Underwater construction and operational noise at alpha ventus | Betke, K. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Marine Mammals | |
Marine mammals and windfarms: Effects of alpha ventus on harbour porpoises | Dähne, M.; Peschko, V.; Gilles, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Marine Mammals | |
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area | Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction | Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish | |
Effects of Pile-Driving Noise on the Behaviour of Marine Fish | Mueller-Blenkle, C.; McGregor, P.; Gill, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Avian Hearing and the Avoidance of Wind Turbines | Dooling, R. | Report | Wind Energy | Noise, Avoidance | Birds | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Collision, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
A Survey of Acoustic Harassment Device (AHD) Use in the Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada | Johnston, D.; Woodley, T. | Journal Article | Noise, Avoidance | Marine Mammals | ||
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats | Moyle, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Negative Impact of Wind Energy Development on a Breeding Shorebird Assessed with a BACI Study Design | Sansom, A.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; Douglas, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Shorebirds, Birds | |
Unforeseen Responses of a Breeding Seabird to the Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm | Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Bird Mortality in Two Dutch Wind Farms: Effects of Location, Spatial Design and Interactions with Powerlines | Brenninkmeijer, A.; Klop, E. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems | Manville, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Conflicts Between Birds and On-Shore Wind Farms | Zwart, M.; McKenzie, A.; Minderman, J.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) | da Costa, G.; Paula, J.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Use of High Resolution Sonar for Near-Turbine Fish Observations (DIDSON) - WeSea 2007-002 | Couperus, B.; Winter, E.; van Keeken, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Pelagic Fish, Fish | |
First year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild | Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats |
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