Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Fortsetzungsstudie Probabilistik - Das Raumnutzungs-Kollisionsrisikomodell (RKR-Modell) Mercker, M.; Raab, R.; Liesenjohann, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Short Science Summary: Raptor Monitoring and Minimization Technologies WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E.; Riser-Espinoza, D.; Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands Cerri, J.; Fozzi, I.; De Rosa, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Detection of wind turbines rotary motion by birds: A matter of speed and contrast Blary, C.; Bonadonna, F.; Dussauze, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Reanalysis indicates little evidence of reduction in eagle mortality rate by automated curtailment of wind turbines Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E.; Gerber, J.; Ray, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Carcasses of Eagles Killed by Wind Turbines Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; Mintz, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Pilotstudie: Erprobung Probabilistik/Testing Probabilistics Mercker, M.; Liedtke, J.; Liesenjohann, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Windfarm collisions in medium-sized raptors: even increasing populations can suffer strong demographic impacts Duriez, O.; Pilard, P.; Saulnier, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Short Science Summary: Collision Risk Modeling – A Tool for Assessing Risks to Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds Rehling, F.; Delius, A.; Ellerbrok, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based system to curtail wind turbines to reduce eagle collisions Duerr, A.; Parsons, A.; Nagy, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F.; Murgatroyd, M.; Allan, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Quon, E.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A review of raptor carcass persistence trials and the practical implications for fatality estimation at wind farms Wilson, D.; Hulka, S.; Bennun, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species Scacco, M.; Arrondo, E.; Donazar, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Birds, Raptors
Limited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities Conkling, T.; McClure, C.; Cuadros, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying Raptors’ Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines Linder, A.; Lyhne, H.; Laubek, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol Ferrer, M.; Alloing, A.; Baumbush, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials Goller, B.; Baumhardt, P.; Dominguez-Villegas, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E.; Florent, S.; Venosta, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect Voigt, C.; Kaiser, K.; Look, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M.; Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J.; Silva, J.; Atkinson, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Stochastic agent-based model for predicting turbine-scale raptor movements during updraft-subsidized directional flights Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Quon, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Predictive Flight-Altitude Model for Avoiding Future Conflicts Between an Emblematic Raptor and Wind Energy Development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Lörcher, F.; Hegglin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Drivers of change in mountain and upland bird populations in Europe Alba, R.; Kasoar, T.; Chamberlain, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
Bayesian State-Space Modeling Framework for Understanding and Predicting Golden Eagle Movements Using Telemetry Data Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Brandes, D.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
A Survey of Sex Ratios of Raptors at a Rescue Center in China Yang, L.; Zhou, B.; Huang, X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Comparison of the Home Ranges of Mountain Hawk-Eagles During Different Phases of Wind Farm Construction Nishibayashi, N.; Kitamura, W.; Yoshizaki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway Oppel, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Bakari, S,; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors

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