The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology Sort descending | Stressor | Receptor |
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Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects | Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment | Dong Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Developing Guidance on Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farm Developers | King, S.; Maclean, I.; Norman, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms | Maclean, I.; Skov, H.; Rehfisch, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note | Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Joint SNCB Interim Displacement Advice Note | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC); Natural England | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 | Duckworth, J.; Green, J.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment | |
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States | Allison, T.; Diffendorfer, J.; Baerwald, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation | UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Golden Eagles in a Perilous Landscape: Predicting the Effects of Mitigation for Wind Turbine Blade Strike Mortality | Hunt, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Draft Black Oak & Getty Wind Avian and Bat Protection Plan | Black Oak Wind; Getty Wind Company | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis | Rydell, J.; Engstrom, H.; Hedenstrom, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats | |
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild | Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy | Stantec Consulting | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
A Pilot Golden Eagle Population Study in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area California | Predatory Bird Research Group | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Wildlife from Wind Energy Development in Arizona | Arizona Game and Fish Department | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan | Young, D.; Tidhar, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: AWA Goodhue Wind Project | Westwood Professional Services | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife | Office, United States Government Accountability | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats | |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility | Ocotillo Express | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies and Comparisons to Other Sources of Avian Collision Mortality in the United States | Erickson, W.; Johnson, G.; Strickland, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: March 1998 - December 2000 | Thelander, C.; Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Further Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms | Maclean, I.; Skov, H.; Rehfisch, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark | Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part I: Birds | Blew, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Nehls, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Impacts on Biodiversity of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources: The Example of Birds and Bats | Hötker, H.; Thomsen, K.; Jeromin, H. | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
The Relative Vulnerability of Migratory Bird Species to Offshore Wind Energy Projects on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf: An Assessment Method and Database | Willmott, J.; Forcey, G.; Kent, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern | Hatch, J.; Brault, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines: a research plan for five selected species | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Leopold, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen | Mardik, F.; Leopold, M.; Verdaat, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Developing a Habitat Loss Method for Assessing Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms | Busch, M.; Buisson, R.; Barrett, Z.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm impacts | Cook, A.; Robinson, R. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2019 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2018-2019 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report | ORE Catapult; Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs | Searle, K.; Mobbs, D.; Butler, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises | Diederichs,A.; Hennig, V.; Nehls, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals |
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