The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study | Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessing Northern Gannet Avoidance of Offshore Windfarms | Rehfisch, M.; Barrett, Z.; Brown, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities | Schwartz, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Wind Energy Industry Eagle Detection and Deterrents: Research Gaps and Solutions Workshop Summary Report | Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects | Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California | Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement | Dirksen, S.; Coppack, T.; Searle, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
A Study of the Risk of Collision with Power Lines by Waterbirds in Winter at Shotton Steel Works, North Wales | Balmer, D.; Henderson, I.; Clark, N. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Red-throated Diver Displacement | Ellis, I.; Ward, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Gray, C.; et al. | Report | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | ||
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Clark, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs | Searle, K.; Mobbs, D.; Butler, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
2nd Iteration: Effect of turbine capacity on collision numbers for three large gull species, based on revised density data, when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on birds in the southern North Sea | van der Wal, J.; Fijn, R.; Gyimesi, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern | Hatch, J.; Brault, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Bat Resources Reports for Beech Ridge Wind Energy Project | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Avian Monitoring and Risk Assessment at Tehachapi Pass and San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Areas, California: Phase 1 Preliminary Results | Anderson, R.; Strickland, D.; Tom, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds | Percival, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark | Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 | Duckworth, J.; Green, J.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Effects of turbine collision mortality on population dynamics of 13 bird species | Potiek, A.; Collier, M.; Schekkerman, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Migratory Bird Research for the Proposed County Line Wind Energy Site: Fall 2011 Field Season | Gehring, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds in Winter 2019-2020 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2020-2021 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
Final Report Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Bird Fatality Study, Monitoring Years 2005–2013 | ICF International | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Interim Summary on the Effectiveness of the Winter Period Turbine Shutdown in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area | Erickson, W.; Strickland, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Novar Windfarm Ltd Ornithological Monitoring Studies: Breeding Bird and Birdstrike Monitoring 2001 Results & 5-Year Review | Bioscan | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2018-2019 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
TADS Investigations of Avian Collision Risk at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects | Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS): Development of a Method for Estimating Collision Frequency of Migrating Birds at Offshore Wind Turbines | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Best Practice Guidance for the Use of Remote Techniques for Observing Bird Behaviour in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms | Desholm, M.; Fox, A.; Beasley, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds | |
Predicting the Displacement of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra from Benthic Feeding Areas Due to Offshore Windfarms | Kaiser, M.; Elliott, A.; Galanidi, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms | Maclean, I.; Skov, H.; Rehfisch, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines | Furness, B.; Wade, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Visual and Radar Observations of Birds in Relation to Collision Risk at the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm | Christensen, T.; Hounisen, J.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Map-Based Repowering of the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Based on Burrowing Owl Burrows, Raptor Flights, and Collisions with Wind Turbines | Smallwood, K.; Neher, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
An Assessment of the Impacts of Green Mountain Power Corporation's Wind Power Facility on Breeding and Migrating Birds in Searsburg, Vermont: July 1996-July 1998 | Kerlinger, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Passerines, Birds | |
Ponnequin Wind Energy Project: Reference Site Avian Study | Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Ryder, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Avian Risk Behavior and Fatalities at the Altamont Wind Resource Area: March 1998 to February 1999 | Thelander, C.; Rugge, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Raptors, Birds |
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