The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review | Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity | Kingma, E.; ter Hofstede, R.; Kardinaal, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Settlement success of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) on different types of hard substrate to support reef development in offshore wind farms | ter Hofstede, R.; Witte, S.; Kamermans, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
The effect of offshore wind farms on the variation of the phytoplankton population | Kordan, M.; Yakan, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Numerical Study of Turbulent Wake of Offshore Wind Turbines and Retention Time of Larval Dispersion | Ajmi, S.; Boutet, M.; Bennis, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound | Jézéquel, Y.; Jandial, P.; Cones, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Acoustic ecology of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) between two U.S. offshore wind energy areas | Holdman, A.; Tregenza, N.; Van Parijs, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Longfin squid reproductive behaviours and spawning withstand wind farm pile driving noise | Jones, I.; Schumm, M.; Stanley, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Residency and habitat use of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Wilcockson, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Small effect sizes are achievable in offshore wind monitoring surveys | Livermore, J.; Truesdale, C.; Ransier, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates | ||
Interactive Effects of Climate Change-Induced Range Shifts and Wind Energy Development on Future Economic Conditions of the Atlantic Surfclam Fishery | Stromp, S.; Scheld, A.; Klinck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Long-Term Succession on Offshore Wind Farms and the Role of Species Interactions | Zupan, M.; Rumes, B.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates | |
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals | Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Data on benthic species assemblages and seafloor sediment characteristics in an offshore windfarm in the southeastern North Sea | Teschke, K.; Gusky, M.; Gutow, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Potential Repercussions of Offshore Wind Energy Development in the Northeast United States for the Atlantic Surfclam Survey and Population Assessment | Borsetti, S.; Munroe, D.; Scheld, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Fishing Operations by Comparing Fine- and Coarse-Scale Fishery-Dependent Data | Allen-Jacobson, L.; Jones, A.; Mercer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms | Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises | Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Evaluation of a coastal acoustic buoy for cetacean detections, bearing accuracy and exclusion zone monitoring | Palmer, K. ; Tabbutt, S.; Gillespie, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Pile driving repeatedly impacts the giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) | Jézéquel, Y.; Cones, S.; Jensen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Categorizing Active Marine Acoustic Sources Based on Their Potential to Affect Marine Animals | Ruppel, C.; Weber, T.; Staaterman, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception | Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of California Commercial Fisheries from 2005 to 2019 and Potential Overlap with Offshore Wind Energy Development | Wang, Y-H.; Walter, R.; White, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Comparing distribution of harbour porpoise using generalized additive models and hierarchical Bayesian models with integrated nested laplace approximation | Williamson, L.; Scott, B.; Laxton, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea | Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? | Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Białowąs, M.; Otremba, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Invertebrates | |
Offshore wind farms contribute to epibenthic biodiversity in the North Sea | ter Hofstede, R.; Driessen, F.; Elzinga, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems | Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 2. Assessing economic impacts | Scheld, A.; Beckensteiner, J.; Munroe, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
The Atlantic surfclam fishery and offshore wind energy development: 1. Model development and verification | Munroe, D.; Powell, E.; Klinck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Effects of pile driving sound playbacks and cadmium co-exposure on the early life stage development of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus | Stenton, C.; Bolger, E.; Michenot, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Invertebrates | |
Small suspension-feeding amphipods play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics around offshore man-made structures | Mavraki, N.; Coolen, J.; Kapasakali, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates | |
Demersal fish and invertebrate catches relative to construction and operation of North America's first offshore wind farm | Wilber, D.; Brown, L.; Griffin, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community | Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
The uncertain future of the Norway lobster fisheries in the North Sea calls for new management strategies | Letschert, J.; Stollberg, N.; Rambo, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Distance-Based Sampling Methods for Assessing the Ecological Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Synthesis and Application to Fisheries Resource Studies | Methratta, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) | Scott, K.; Harsanyi, P.; Easton, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Invertebrates | |
Far-Field Effects of Impulsive Noise on Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins | Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Brookes, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction | Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Windfarm Footprint of Sediment Organic Matter Mineralization Processes | De Borger, E.; Ivanov, E.; Capet, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Anthropogenic Sound Exposure-Induced Stress in Captive Dolphins and Implications for Cetacean Health | Yang, W.; Chen, C.; Chuah, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Insect fatalities at wind turbines as biodiversity sinks | Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Invertebrates |
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