The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
A Parametric Analysis and Sensitivity Study of the Acoustic Propagation for Renewable Energy | Heaney, K.; Ainslie, M.; Halvorsen, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Noise | Fish | |
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool | Schaffeld, T.; Schnitzler, J.; Ruser, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective | Nazir, M.; Ali, N.; Bilal, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes | |
Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Reaction to a 3D Seismic Airgun Survey in the North Sea | Sarnocinska, J.; Teilmann, J.; Balle, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Amplitude modulation of wind turbine sound in cold climates | Conrady, K.; Bolin, K.; Sjoblom, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Bat Impact Minimization Technology: An Improved Bat Deterrent for the Full Swept Rotor Area of Any Wind Turbine | Cooper, D.; Green, T.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Bats | |
Cumulative Noise Impacts Upon Fishes (and Turtles) from Offshore Wind Farm Construction and Operation | Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
A Review of the Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Noise in the Australian Context | Davy, J.; Burgemeister, K.; Hillman, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish | Mascolino, S.; Mariani, S.; Benvenuto, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises | Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Wind turbine noise limits propagation of greater prairiechicken boom chorus, but does it matter? | Whalen, C.; Brown, M.; McGee, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Monitoring annoyance and stress effects of wind turbines on nearby residents | Hübner, G.; Pohl, J.; Hoen, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes | Hawkins, A.; Picciulin, M. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Effects of wind turbine noise on the surrounding soundscape in the context of greater-prairie chicken courtship vocalizations | Whalen, C.; Brown, M.; McGee, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Wind turbine audibility and noise annoyance in a national U.S. survey: Individual perception and influencing factors | Haac, T.; Kaliski, K.; Landis, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Kastelein, R.; Huijser, L.; Cornelisse, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Navigation | |
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time | Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) | Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria | Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B.; Halpin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling | Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island | HDR | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Attraction of nocturnally migrating birds to artificial light: The influence of colour, intensity and blinking mode under different cloud cover conditions | Rebke, M.; Dierschke, V.; Weiner, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Lighting | Birds | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
PivotBuoy An Advanced System for Cost-effective and Reliable Mooring, Connection, Installation & Operation of Floating Wind D4.1: Test site environmental conditions | Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
An overview of fish bioacoustics and the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fishes | Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Anthropogenic Sound and Fishes | Popper, A.; Hawkins, A.; Halvorsen, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options | Merchant, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
The influence of wind turbine visibility on the health of local residents: a systematic review | Freiberg, A.; Schefter, C.; Hegewald, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Lighting, Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance | Fredianelli, L.; Carpita, S.; Licitra, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The politics of evidence: Conflicting social commitments and environmental priorities in the debate over wind energy and public health | Taylor, J.; Klenk, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | |
Wind Turbine Noise and Sleep: Pilot Studies on the Influence of Noise Characteristics | Morsing, J.; Smith, M.; Ogren, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | |
Documenting fish response to seismic surveying and establishing a baseline soundscape for reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina | Paxton, A.; Voss, C.; Peterson, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates | |
Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins | Leunissen, E.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals | Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Effective Offshore Piling Noise Mitigation in Deep Waters | Elmer, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality | Goller, B.; Blackwell, B.; DeVault, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting | Birds | |
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance | Garrod, A.; Fandel, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effects of Man-Made Sound on Fishes | Hawkins, A.; Popper, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Noise | Fish | |
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewables: Linking Concepts for Implementation. A Case Study from Scotland | MacDonald, A. | Thesis | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies | Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Rowe, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
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