The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Distribution of common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) activity is altered by airflow disruption generated by wind turbines | Leroux, C.; Barre, K.; Valet, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Bats | |
Context-dependent effects of wind turbines on bats in rural landscapes | Sotillo, A.; Le Viol, I.; Barre, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation | Voigt, C.; Bernard, E.; Huang, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot | Millon, L.; Colin, C.; Brescia, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities | Warren-Hicks, W.; Newman, J.; Wolpert, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region | Forcey, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats | Moyle, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities | Willmott, J.; Allison Costello, E.; Gordon, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance | Barre, K.; Le Viol, I.; Bas, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects | Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Modeling the spatial effects of disturbance: a constructive critique to provide evidence of ecological thresholds | Powell, L.; Brown, M.; Smith, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems | Manville, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments | Laranjeiro, T.; May, R.; Verones, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) | da Costa, G.; Paula, J.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Evaluating a Novel Approach to Optimize Operational Minimization to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2015 | Schirmacher, M.; Prichard, A.; Mabee, T.; et al. | Report | Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M.; Smith, A.; Lovich, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
How Ecofriendly are Wind Farms? | Cohn, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds, Bats | |
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? | Łopucki, R.; Klich, D.; Gielarek, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Do human activity and infrastructure disturb domesticated reindeer? The need for the reindeer’s perspective | Skarin, A.; Åhman, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Reindeer habitat use in relation to two small wind farms, during preconstruction, construction, and operation | Skarin, A.; Alam, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation | Skarin, A.; Sandström, P.; Alam, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent in Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities - Final Report | Arnett, E.; Hein, C.; Schirmacher, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Pronghorn Winter Resource Selection Before and After Wind Energy Development in South-Central Wyoming | Smith, K.; Taylor, K.; Albeke, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines | Horn, J.; Arnett, E.; Kunz, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Roe deer stress response to a wind farms: Methodological and practical implications | Klich, D.; Lopucki, R.; Scibior, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals | |
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America | Adams, E.; Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Interspecific effects of forest fragmentation on bats | Segers, J.; Broders, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Bat activity and evidence of bat migration at two high elevation passes in the Western Alps | Caprio, E.; Patriarca, E.; Debernardi, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? | da Costa, G.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; Álvares, F. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm | Kämmerle, J.; Taubmann, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Keeping the West Wild: Conservation and Rapid Energy Development | Fargione, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy | |
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe | Coppes, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Grunschachner-Berger, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats | Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; Hosken, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Influencing Activity of Bats by Dimly Lighting Wind Turbine Surfaces with Ultraviolet Light | Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; Straw, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota | Bicknell, L.; Gilliam, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: Questions, Research Needs, and Hypotheses | Kunz, T.; Arnett, E.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy | Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Collision, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Behavior of Bats at Wind Turbines | Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
Bat Mortality and Activity at a Northern Iowa Wind Resource Area | Jain, A.; Koford, R.; Hancock, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Ponnequin Wind Energy Project: Reference Site Avian Study | Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Ryder, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild | Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Big Blue Wind Energy Project Avian and Bat Protection Plan | Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Bat Interactions With Wind Turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: An Assessment of Bat Activity, Species Composition, and Collision Mortality | Johnson, G.; Perlik, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats | |
Testing the Effectiveness of an Experimental Acoustic Bat Deterrent at the Maple Ridge Wind Farm | Horn, J.; Arnett, E.; Jensen, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Best Management Practices for Bats in New Mexico | Balistreri, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats |
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