The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review | Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring | Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Assessing the influence of offshore wind turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing | Siddagangaiah, S.; Chen, C-F.; Hu, W-C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the Dutch Continental Shelf | Hermans, A.; Winter, H.; Gill, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota | El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. | Journal Article | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | ||
Using fisheries-dependent data to investigate landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Moore, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae | Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) | Wang, Y.; Huang, L.; Xing, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Establishing baselines for predicting change in ambient sound metrics, marine mammal, and vessel occurrence within a US offshore wind energy area | Van Parijs, S.; DeAngelis, A.; Aldrich, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Is Maritime Spatial Planning a tool to mitigate the impacts of underwater noise? A review of adopted and upcoming maritime spatial plans in Europe | Bosi, S.; Ramieri, E.; Picciulin, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Forecasting suitable areas for wind turbine occurrence to proactively improve wildlife conservation | Boggie, M.; Butler, M.; Sesnie, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects of land-based wind turbine upsizing on community sound levels and power and energy density | Hoen, B.; Darlow, R.; Haac, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities | Li, C.; Coolen, J.; Scherer, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae are attracted by low-frequency noise simulating that of operating offshore wind farms | Cresci, A.; Zhang, G.; Durif, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Comparing Atlantic Cod Temporal Spawning Dynamics across a Biogeographic Boundary: Insights from Passive Acoustic Monitoring | Van Hoeck, R.; Rowell, T.; Dean, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Wind energy and noise: Forecasting the future sounds of wind energy projects and facilitating Dutch community participation | Solman, H.; Kirkegaard, J.; Kloppenburg, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
The effect of artificial reef design on the attraction of herbivorous fish and on coral recruitment, survival, and growth | Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Cammenga, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | ||
Assessing differences in acoustic characteristics from impact and vibratory pile installation and their potential effects on the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) | Niu, F.; Xie, J.; Zhang, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals | Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles | Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China | Gao, H.; Xiang, Z.; He, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Dominant Frequency Extraction for Operational Underwater Sound of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Stochastic Resonance | Wang, R.; Xu, X.; Zou, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment | |
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations | Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind turbine wakes can impact down-wind vegetation greenness | Diffendorfer, J.; Vanderhoof, M.; Ancona, Z. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities | Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) | Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Quantifying the land-based opportunity carbon costs of onshore wind farms | Albanito, F.; Roberts, S.; Shepherd, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea | Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Chasing the offshore wind farm wind-wake-induced upwelling/downwelling dipole | Floeter, J.; Pohlmann, T.; Harmer, A; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems | Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Do demand-based obstruction lights on wind turbines increase community annoyance? Evidence from a Danish case | Aaen, S.; Lyhne, I.; Rudolph, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Lighting | Human Dimensions, Navigation, Social & Economic Data | |
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
How far do noise concerns travel? Exploring how familiarity and justice shape noise expectations and social acceptance of planned wind energy projects | Dällenbach, N.; Wüstenhagen, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data |
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