Underwater Noise Evidence Base

As part of the risk retirement process, OES-Environmental has developed "evidence bases" for several key stressor-receptor interactions. The evidence bases are lists of key research papers and monitoring reports for each stressor-receptor interaction that informs risk retirement for small numbers of marine renewable energy devices. The evidence bases have been reviewed by international subject matter experts at conferences and online workshops as part of OES-Environmental's outreach and engagement strategy.

The evidence base for underwater noise was presented during workshops at EWTEC 2019, at OREC 2019, and in Australia in 2019. Additional information on underwater noise can be found on the Tethys Knowledge Base, Chapter 3 of the 2024 State of the Science Report, and in Chapter 4 of the 2020 State of the Science Report.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Providing ecological context to anthropogenic subsea noise: Assessing listening space reductions of marine mammals from tidal energy devices Pine, M., Schmitt, P., Culloch, R., Lieber, L., Kregting, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Noise characterization of a subsea tidal kite Schmitt, P., Pine, M., Culloch, R., Lieber, L., Kregting, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Marine Mammal Behavioral Response to Tidal Turbine Sound Robertson, F., Wood, J., Joslin, J., Joy, R., Polagye, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Modeling underwater noise propagation from marine hydrokinetic power devices through a time-domain, velocity-pressure solution Halfa, E., Johnson, E., Johnson, C., Preston, L., Aldridge, D., Roberts, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Harbour Seals Avoid Tidal Turbine Noise: Implications for Collision Risk Hastie, G., Russell, D., Lepper, P., Elliot, J., Wilson, B., Benjamins, S., Thompson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Measuring Changes in Ambient Noise Levels from the Installation and Operation of a Surge Wave Energy Converter in the Coastal Ocean Henkel, S., Haxel, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Underwater operational noise level emitted by a tidal current turbine and its potential impact on marine fauna Lossent, J., Gervaise, C., Iorio, L., Folegot, T., Clorennec, D., Lejart, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Effects of hydrokinetic turbine sound on the behavior of four species of fish within an experimental mesocosm Schramm, M., Bevelhimer, M., Scherelis, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Noise Generated from an Array of Current Energy Converters Halfa, E., Johnson, C., Johnson, E., Roberts, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Ocean Current Noise
Underwater Noise Modelling for Environmental Impact Assessment Farcas, A., Thompson, P., Merchant, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK Garrett, J., Witt, M., Johanning, L. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Measurement of Underwater Operational Noise Emitted by Wave and Tidal Stream Energy Devices Lepper, P., Robinson, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Noise
Understanding the Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance for Marine Mammals Harwood, J., King, S., Booth, C., Donovan, C., Schick, R., Thomas, L., New, L. Book Chapter Noise Marine Mammals
Characterizing Large River Sounds: Providing Context for Understanding the Environmental Effects of Noise Produced by Hydrokinetic Turbines Bevelhimer, M., Deng, D., Scherelis, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Noise
MaRVEN - Environmental Impacts of Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions from Marine Renewable Energy Thomsen, F., Gill, A., Kosecka, M., Andersson, M., André, M., Degraer, S., Folegot, T., Gabriel, J., Judd, A., Neumann, T., Norro, A., Risch, D., Sigray, P., Wood, D., Wilson, B. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, EMF
Field Testing a Full-Scale Tidal Turbine Part 3: Acoustic Characteristics Schmitt, P., Elsaesser, B., Coffin, M., Hood, J., Starzmann, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Discussion of the Effects of the Underwater Noise Radiated by a Wave Energy Device - Portugal Cruz, E., Simas, T., Kasanen, E. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater Noise from a Wave Energy Converter Is Unlikely to Affect Marine Mammals Tougaard, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Noise Marine Mammals
Estimation of Acoustic Particle Motion and Source Bearing Using a Drifting Hydrophone Array Near a River Current Turbine to Assess Disturbances to Fish Murphy, P. Thesis Marine Energy, Riverine Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Modelling the Propagation of Underwater Acoustic Signals of a Marine Energy Device Using Finite Element Method Ikpekha, O., Soberon, F., Daniels, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise
Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project: 2013 Environmental Monitoring Report ORPC Maine Report Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions
Underwater Acoustic Modeling Report - Virginia Offshore Wind Technology Advancement Project (VOWTAP) Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Characteristics of the Operational Noise from Full Scale Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project: Estimation of Potential Environmental Impacts Haikonen, K., Sundberg, J., Leijon, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Sediment-Generated Noise and Bed Stress in a Tidal Channel Bassett, C., Thomson, J., Polagye, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Noise
Acoustic Environmental Monitoring - Wello Penguin Cooling System Noise Study Beharie, R., Side, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Assessing Underwater Noise Levels during Pile-Driving at an Offshore Windfarm and its Potential Effects on Marine Mammals Bailey, H., Senior, B., Simmons, D., Rusin, J., Picken, G., Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Acoustic Masking In Marine Ecosystems: Intuitions, Analysis, And Implication Clark, C., Ellison, W., Southall, B., Hatch, L., Van Parijs, S., Frankel, A., Ponirakis, D. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Overview Of The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Underwater Sound In The Marine Environment Götz, T., Hastie, G., Hatch, L., Raustein, O., Southall, B., Tasker, M., Thomsen, F., Campbell, J., Fredheim, B. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
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