Short Science Summary: Bat Interactions with Land-Based Wind Energy: A European and North American Perspective

Hoary Bat

Estimates of fatality indicate hundreds of thousands of bats are killed annually at wind turbines both in Europe and North America. Given bats are long-lived and typically only have 1 to 2 pups per year, existing fatality rates may not be sustainable for certain species. Recent studies indicate population-level declines are possible, particularly given the anticipated growth of wind energy development. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Drivers of bat activity at wind turbines advocate for mitigating bat exposure using multicriteria algorithm-based curtailment Barre, K., Froidevaux, J., Sotillo, A., Roemer, C., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
The presence of wind turbines repels bats in boreal forests Gaultier, S., Lilley, T., Vesterinen,E., Brommer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development Green, R., Gill, E., Hein, C., Couturier, L., Mascarenhas, M., May, R., Newell, D., Rumes, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Event detection for avian and bat wildlife on wind turbine blades Drachnik, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E., Florent, S., Venosta, M., Gibson, M., Jackson, A., Stark, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Distance to hedgerows drives local repulsion and attraction of wind turbines on bats: Implications for spatial siting Leroux, C., Kerbiriou, C., Le Viol, I., Valet, N., Barre, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites Ellerbrok, J., Delius, A., Peter, F., Farwig, N., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions Scholz, C., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Invertebrates
Informing wind energy development: Land cover and topography predict occupancy for Arizona bats Starbuck, C., Dickson, B., Chambers, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
Current state of knowledge of wind energy impacts on bats in South Africa Aronson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
National-scale impacts on wind energy production under curtailment scenarios to reduce bat fatalities Maclaurin, G., Hein, C., Williams, T., Roberts, O., Lantz, E., Buster, G., Lopez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Coastal onshore wind turbines lead to habitat loss for bats in Northern Germany Reusch, C., Lozar, M., Kramer-Schadt, S., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Human–Wildlife Conflicts across Landscapes—General Applicability vs. Case Specificity Göttert, T., Starik, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Curtailment and acoustic deterrents reduce bat mortality at wind farms Good, R., Iskali, G., Lombardi, J., McDonald, T., DuBridge, K., Azeka, M., Tredennick, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Automated Classification of Bat Echolocation Call Recordings with Artificial Intelligence Tabak, M., Murray, K., Reed, A., Lombardi, J., Bay, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions
Factors affecting searcher efficiency and scavenger removal of bat carcasses in Neotropical wind facilities Barros, M., Iannuzzi, L., Silva, I., Otálora-Ardila, A., Bernard, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring Study Crowned Ridge II Wind Farm Codington, Grant, and Deuel Counties, South Dakota Chodachek, K., Suehring, A., Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Efficacy and cost of acoustic-informed and wind speed-only turbine curtailment to reduce bat fatalities at a wind energy facility in Wisconsin Rabie, P., Welch-Acosta, B., Nasman, K., Schumacher, S., Schueller, S., Gruver, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Evaluating Bat Roost Abundance: A Comparison of Drone-Acquired Thermal Imagery and Acoustic Recordings with Visual Observers Jaffe, K., Carter, R., Corcoran, A., Arceo-Gomez, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
One size doesn’t fit all: Singularities in bat species richness and activity patterns in wind-energy complexes in Brazil and implications for environmental assessment Pereira, C., Falcão, F., Bernard, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Impact Assessment: Latrodex Wind Energy Facility Dippenaar, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment
An Updated Review of Hypotheses Regarding Bat Attraction to Wind Turbines Guest, E., Stamps, B., Durish, N., Hale, A., Hein, C., Morton, B., Weaver, S., Fritts, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Noise Bats
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B., Gardner, E., Willcock, S., Sarats, E., Bradley, A., Earnshaw, K., Fremantle, C., Bezant, J., Finan, J., Ziv, G., Balzter, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Incorporating Climate Uncertainty into Conservation Planning for Wildlife Managers Wilkening, J., Magness, D., Harrington, A., Johnson, K., Covington, S., Hoffman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Rosewater Wind Farm White County, Indiana Rodriguez, M., Voorhees, L., Telander, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries Kabir, M., Sree, N., Khatod, K., Katekar, V., Deshmukh, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Acoustic and Genetic Data Can Reduce Uncertainty Regarding Populations of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Impacted by Wind Energy Hale, A., Hein, C., Straw, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Influencing Activity of Bats by Dimly Lighting Wind Turbine Surfaces with Ultraviolet Light Cryan, P., Gorresen, P., Straw, B., Thao, S., DeGeorge, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Acoustic Exposure to Turbine Operation Quantifies Risk to Bats at Commercial Wind Energy Facilities Peterson, T., Mcgill, B., Hein, C., Rusk, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Timing and Weather Offer Alternative Mitigation Strategies for Lowering Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in Ontario Squires, K., Thurber, B., Zimmerling, J., Francis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
High vulnerability of juvenile Nathusius' pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii) at wind turbines Kruszynski, C., Bailey, L., Bach, L., Bach, P., Fritze, M., Lindecke, O., Teige, T., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America Adams, E., Gulka, J., Williams, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment
Activity Pattern and Correlation between Bat and Insect Abundance at Wind Turbines in South Sweden de Jong, J., Millon, L., Håstad, O., Victorsson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Invertebrates
Acoustic deterrents influence foraging activity, flight and echolocation behaviour of free-flying bats Gilmour, L. , Holderied, M. , Pickering , S. , Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
Simulating Wind Energy Production Effects from Detection-based Smart Curtailment Bat Strategies for Alberta Wind Facilities Newman, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats Voigt, C., Russo, D., Runkel, V., Goerlitz, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Assessing fatality minimization for hoary bats amid continued wind energy development Friedenberg, N., Frick, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Three-dimensional analysis of bat flight paths around small wind turbines suggests no major collision risk or behavioral changes Hochradel, K., Hartmann, S., Reers, H., Luedtke, B., Schauer-Weisshahn, H., Thomsen, K., Hoetker, H., Brinkmann, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Bats
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C., Oteri, F., Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
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