Short Science Summary: Bat Interactions with Land-Based Wind Energy: A European and North American Perspective

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Estimates of fatality indicate hundreds of thousands of bats are killed annually at wind turbines both in Europe and North America. Given bats are long-lived and typically only have 1 to 2 pups per year, existing fatality rates may not be sustainable for certain species. Recent studies indicate population-level declines are possible, particularly given the anticipated growth of wind energy development. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. The table below contains the literature relevant to bats and the wind energy industry and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

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Sources of Information on Bats:

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluation of an Acoustic Deterrent to Reduce Bat Mortalities at an Illinois Wind Farm Romano, W., Skalski, J., Townsend, R., Kinzie, K., Coppinger, K., Miller, M. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Influence of landscape and time of year on bat-wind turbines collision risks Roemer, C., Bas, Y., Disca, T., Coulon, A. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Detection Probability of Bats Using Active Versus Passive Monitoring Teets, K., Loeb, S., Jachowski, D. Journal Article Bats
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Investigation of existing post-construction mortality monitoring at Victorian wind farms to assess its utility in estimating mortality rates Moloney, P., Lumsden, L., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy (General) Birds, Bats
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Baerwald, E., Beston, J., Drake, D., Hale, A., Hein, C., Huso, M., Loss, S., Lovich, J., Strickland, M., Williams, K., Winder, V. Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria Lumsden, L., Moloney, P., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy (General) Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
First three‐dimensional tracks of bat migration reveal large amounts of individual behavioral flexibility O'Mara, M., Wikelski, M., Kranstauber, B., Dechmann, D. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Understanding Wind Energy Impacts to Bats and Testing Reduction Strategies in South Texas Weaver, S. Thesis Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Red bat fatality: Geographic extents through deuterium and niche models Murtaugh, R., Capparella, A., Kostelnick, J., Johnson, G. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities Hayes, M., Hooton, L., Gilland, K., Grandgent, C., Smith, T., Lindsay, S., Collins, J., Schumacher, S., Rabie, P., Gruver, J., Goodrich-Mahoney, J. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Deuel Harvest North Wind Farm Deuel County, South Dakota Simon, S., Welch-Acosta, B. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Bats
Camera-Trapping Versus Conventional Methodology in the Assessment of Carcass Persistence for Fatality Estimation at Wind Farms Rosa, L., Neves, T., Vieira, D., Mascarenhas, M. Book Chapter Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
An evidence-based approach to specifying survey effort in ecological assessments of bat activity Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D., Mathews, F. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife May, R., Masden, E., Bennet, F., Perron, M. Journal Article Wind Energy (General) Marine Mammals, Birds, Bats
Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation Moorman, C., Grodsky, S., Rupp, S. Book Wind Energy (General), Marine Energy (General) Birds, Bats
A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation Frick, W., Kingston, T., Flanders, J. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Echolocation activity of migratory bats at a wind energy facility: testing the feeding-attraction hypothesis to explain fatalities Reimer, J., Baerwald, E., Barlay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
Bats and Wind Energy: Impacts, Mitigation, and Tradeoffs Allison, T. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Carcass Age and Searcher Identity Affect Morphological Assessment of Sex of Bats Nelson, D., Nagel, J., Trott, R., Campbell, C., Pruitt, L., Good, R., Iskali, G., Gugger, P. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Gorresen, P., Brinck, K., DeLisle, M., Montoya-Aiona, K., Pinzari, C., Bonaccorso, F. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy (General) Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Migratory bats are attracted by red light but not by warm-white light: Implications for the protection of nocturnal migrants Voigt, C., Rehnig, K., Lindecke, O., Petersons, G. Journal Article Wind Energy (General) Bats
Wind Energy and Bat Conservation - A Review by the Canadian Wind Energy Association Barnes, R., Hill, M., Peters, K. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Bats
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance Barre, K., Le Viol, I., Bas, Y., Julliard, R., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Wind Energy and Wildlife: 20 Years of Translational Ecology in Action Allison, T., Arnold, A. Journal Article Wind Energy (General) Bats
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M., Donazar, J., Sanchez-Zapata, J. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk? Apoznanski, G., Sanchez-Navarro, S., Kokurewicz, T., Pettersson, S., Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
A Summary of Bat Fatality Data in a Nationwide Database Allison, T., Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy (General) Collision Bats
Texturizing Wind Turbine Towers to Reduce Bat Mortality Bennett, V., Hale, A. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Bats
Ultrasonic Bat Deterrent Technology Kinzie, K. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative 5th Science and All Committees Meeting: 2018 Workshop Proceedings Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Workshop Article Wind Energy (General) Bats
Genetic Mark-Recapture Improves Estimates of Maternity Colony Size for Indiana Bats Oyler-McCance, S., Fike, J., Lukacs, P., Sparks, D., O'Shea, T., Witaker, J. Journal Article Bats
Resource Availability May Not Be a Useful Predictor of Migratory Bat Fatalities or Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2018 Rodrigues, L. Conference Paper Wind Energy (General) Habitat Change, Collision Bats
Inconspicuous echolocation in hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) Corcoran, A., Weller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R., Bennet, F., Warnas, M., Perron, M., Elmqvist, A. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Marine Mammals, Birds, Bats
Evaluating a Novel Approach to Optimize Operational Minimization to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2015 Schirmacher, M., Prichard, A., Mabee, T., Hein, C. Report Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Bats
Wind Turbine Sensor Array for Monitoring Avian and Bat Collisions Hu, C., Albertani, R., Suryan, R. Journal Article Wind Energy (General) Collision Birds, Bats
Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed Wellig, S., Nussle, S., Miltner, D., Kohle, O., Glaizot, O., Braunisch, V., Obrist, M., Arlettaz, R. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot Millon, L., Colin, C., Brescia, F., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Bats
Wind Farm Le Peuchapatte: Analysis of Bat Recordings and Evaluation of Mitigation Measures Brossard, C., Aschwanden, J., Bontadina, F., Deplazes, L., Märki, K., Dietrich, A., Lauper, M. Report Wind Energy (General) Bats
Appendix L-2 WEST Bird and Bat Annual Report 2018 Gordon, C., Matteson, A., Stucker, J., Good, R. Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Birds, Bats
Numerical modelling of the flight behaviour of bats to estimate the collision risk with wind turbines Muller, C. Thesis Bats
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments Laranjeiro, T., May, R., Verones, F. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 1 - October 15, 2017 Good, R., Iskali, G., Nasman, K., Ciecka, A. Report Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Comparing Field Methods Used to Determine Bird and Bat Fatalities Paula, J., Augusto, M., Neves, T., Bispo, R., Cardoso, P., Mascarenhas, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
Biodiversity and Wind Farms in Portugal: Current Knowledge and Insights for an Integrated Impact Assessment Process Mascarenhas, M., Marques, A., Ramalho, R., Santos, D., Bernardino, J., Fonseca, C. Book Wind Energy (General) Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
U.S. Geological Survey - Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2017 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy (General) Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Composition and activity of arthropodivorous bat community in wind farms in the Mexican Tropics Garcia-Luis, M., Briones-Salas, M. Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind Bats
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