Abstract
Marine renewable energy (MRE) infrastructures offer significant potential to address global energy needs and mitigate climate change, yet they currently contribute only a small portion of electricity production. The growing reliance on non-renewable resources increases CO2 emissions, necessitating a shift toward sustainable future solutions. While MRE infrastructures present opportunities for sustainable development, they face interdisciplinary challenges, including high costs, technological barriers, environmental impacts, and governance issues. This review focuses on lifecycle assessments of MRE infrastructures, aiming to reduce their ecological footprint and inform decision-makers. Key challenges include the need for advanced materials, improved resource assessments, and stronger regulatory frameworks. Future collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders are essential for overcoming these barriers and unlocking the full potential of MRE infrastructures for sustainable energy.