Abstract
In this research a comprehensive review of onshore, offshore, and floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) as pivotal elements of sustainable energy generation is presented. It explores the unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated with each turbine type. The study delves into the installation, size, wind conditions, accessibility, and visual impact of onshore wind turbines, while also analyzing the location, installation complexities, environmental impact, and visual aesthetics of offshore wind turbines (OWT). Furthermore, it investigates the distinct features, benefits, and technical advancements of FOWT. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the economic, environmental, and social aspects of these turbine technologies. The paper also provides a detailed comparison between Horizontal-axis Wind Turbines and Vertical-axis Wind Turbines, examining their technological advancements, efficiencies, and suitability for different wind conditions. The research concludes with insights on policy considerations and future prospects, emphasizing the need for continued research, technological advancements, and policy support to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and acceptance of wind energy systems.