Acoustic characterisation of unexploded ordnance disposal in the North Sea using high order detonations

Journal Article

Title: Acoustic characterisation of unexploded ordnance disposal in the North Sea using high order detonations

Author:

Robinson, S.; Wang, L.; Cheong, S.; Lepper, P.; Hartley, J.; Thompson, P.; Edwards, E.; Bellmann, M.

Publication Date:

November 1, 2022

Journal:

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volume:

184

Pages:

Publisher:

Elsevier

Affiliation

National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Loughborough University, Hartley Anderson, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Technical and Applied Physics (itap) GmbH

Technology:

Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind

Stressor:

Noise

Receptor:

Marine Mammals

Language:

English

Document Access

Website:

External Link

Attachment:

Access File

Citation

APA
BibTex
RIS

Robinson, S.; Wang, L.; Cheong, S.; Lepper, P.; Hartley, J.; Thompson, P.; Edwards, E.; Bellmann, M. (2022). Acoustic characterisation of unexploded ordnance disposal in the North Sea using high order detonations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 184, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114178

@article{Robinson-2022-,
author = {Robinson, S and Wang, L and Cheong, S and Lepper, P and Hartley, J and Thompson, P and Edwards, E and Bellmann, M},
title = {Acoustic characterisation of unexploded ordnance disposal in the North Sea using high order detonations},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
year = {2022},
month = {nov},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {184},
pages = {14},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114178},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X22008608},
keywords = {Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Noise, Marine Mammals},
}

Export Citation to BibTex

TY - JOUR
TI - Acoustic characterisation of unexploded ordnance disposal in the North Sea using high order detonations
AU - Robinson, S
AU - Wang, L
AU - Cheong, S
AU - Lepper, P
AU - Hartley, J
AU - Thompson, P
AU - Edwards, E
AU - Bellmann, M
T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin
AB - Results are presented of acoustic measurements made during the disposal of 54 items of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in the North Sea during the pre-construction phase of two offshore windfarms. The disposals were conducted using high-order controlled detonation of donor charges placed on the seabed adjacent to the UXOs. The total charge masses ranged from 2.5 kg to 295 kg TNT equivalent, and acoustic measurements were made at ranges of 1.5 km to 58 km from the UXO. High-order detonations can present a risk of injury or death to marine mammals and other fauna from the high sound levels produced, and these results represent the largest data set of acoustic measurements ever assembled for publication. Acoustic measurements were also made on small scare charges, used as mitigation. The sound pressure pulses are presented with their spectra, and the levels of peak sound pressure and sound exposure are presented as a function of range from the source. Measured levels are compared to data from a shallow-water propagation model, and to widely-adopted exposure level thresholds used for marine mammals, illustrating the potential for injury at distances of several kilometres.
DA - 2022/11//
PY - 2022
PB - Elsevier
VL - 184
SP - 14
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X22008608
DO - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114178
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Fixed Offshore Wind
KW - Noise
KW - Marine Mammals
ER -

Export Citation to RIS

Abstract

Results are presented of acoustic measurements made during the disposal of 54 items of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in the North Sea during the pre-construction phase of two offshore windfarms. The disposals were conducted using high-order controlled detonation of donor charges placed on the seabed adjacent to the UXOs. The total charge masses ranged from 2.5 kg to 295 kg TNT equivalent, and acoustic measurements were made at ranges of 1.5 km to 58 km from the UXO. High-order detonations can present a risk of injury or death to marine mammals and other fauna from the high sound levels produced, and these results represent the largest data set of acoustic measurements ever assembled for publication. Acoustic measurements were also made on small scare charges, used as mitigation. The sound pressure pulses are presented with their spectra, and the levels of peak sound pressure and sound exposure are presented as a function of range from the source. Measured levels are compared to data from a shallow-water propagation model, and to widely-adopted exposure level thresholds used for marine mammals, illustrating the potential for injury at distances of several kilometres.