The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences | Anker, H.; Olsen, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Long-Term Succession on Offshore Wind Farms and the Role of Species Interactions | Zupan, M.; Rumes, B.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates | |
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction | Ainley, D.; Porzig, E.; Zajanc, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Offshore Wind Farm Footprint on Organic and Mineral Particle Flux to the Bottom | Ivanov, E.; Capet, A.; Borger, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Acoustic stress responses in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax induced by offshore pile driving | Debusschere, E.; Hostens, K.; Adriaens, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Echolocation activity of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, shows seasonal artificial reef attraction despite elevated noise levels close to oil and gas platforms | Clausen, K.; Teilmann, J.; Wisniewska, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Offshore wind farms affect the spatial distribution pattern of plaice Pleuronectes platessa at both the turbine and wind farm scale | Buyse, J.; Hostens, K.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish | |
Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines in Northwestern Europe | Rydell, J.; Bach, L.; Dubourg-Savage, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Rapid Macrobenthic Recovery after Dredging Activities in an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Coates, D.; Van Hoey, G.; Colson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates | ||
Succession and Seasonal Dynamics of the Epifauna Community on Offshore Wind Farm Foundations and their Role as Stepping Stones for Non-Indigenous Species | De Mesel, I.; Kerckhof, F.; Norro, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures | Festjens, F.; Buyse, J.; De Backer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms | Lefaible, N.; Braeckman, U.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms | Brabant, R.; Vanermen, N.; Steinen, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Airborne Sound Propagation Over Sea During Offshore Wind Farm Piling | Van Renterghem, T.; Botteldooren, D.; Dekoninck, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Co-location of fisheries and offshore wind farms: Current practices and enabling conditions in the North Sea | Bonsu, P.; Letschert, J.; Yates, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts | De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns in the North Sea increases with turbine density | van Bemmelen, R.; Leemans, J.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm | Buyse, J.; Reubens, J.; Hostens, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Activity and behaviour of Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii at low and high altitude in a North Sea offshore wind farm | Brabant, R.; Laurent, Y.; Poerink, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Expected Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Mediterranean Marine Life | Bray, L.; Reizopoulou, S.; Voukouvalas, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes | ||
Wind Turbines and Birds in Flanders: Preliminary Study Results and Recommendations | Everaert, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Birds | ||
Bird Migration Flight Altitudes Studied by a Network of Operational Weather Radars | Dokter, A.; Liechti, F.; Stark, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Birds | |||
Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs | De Troch, M.; Reubens, J.; Heirman, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium): Significant Effect on Breeding Tern Colony Due to Collisions | Everaert, J.; Stienen, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Early Development of the Subtidal Marine Biofouling on a Concrete Offshore Windmill Foundation on the Thornton Bank (Southern North Sea): First Monitoring Results | Kerckhof, F.; Rumes, B.; Jacques, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Residency, Site Fidelity and Habitat Use of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) at an Offshore Wind Farm Using Acoustic Telemetry | Reubens, J.; Pasotti, F.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish | ||
The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research | Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Biodiversity Offsets for Offshore Wind Farm Projects: The Current Situation in Europe | Vaissière, A.; Levrel, H.; Pioch, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes | ||
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations | Dubusschere, E.; de Coensel, B.; Bajek, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Source Levels of the Underwater Calls of a Male Leopard Seal | Rogers, T. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry | Vanermen, N.; Courtens, W.; Daelemans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea | Baeye, M.; Fettweis, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Sediment Transport, Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition | Reubens, J.; Vandendriessche, S.; Zenner, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Attraction | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Sex-Based Mortality of Common Tern in Farm Collisions | Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; Everaert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Similar Diversity-Disturbance Responses to Different Physical Impacts: Three Cases of Small-Scale Biodiversity Increase in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | De Backer, A.; Van Hoey, G.; Coates, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Enrichment and Shifts in Macrobenthic Assemblages in an Offshore Wind Farm Area in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Coates, D.; Deschutter, Y.; Vincx, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Aggregation at Windmill Artificial Reefs: CPUE of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Different Habitats in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Reubens, J.; Braeckman, U.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Aggregation and Feeding Behaviour of Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Wind Turbines in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Collision Effects of Wind-power Generators and Other Obstacles on Birds | Drewitt, A.; Langston, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
Differentiating Between Underwater Construction Noise of Monopile and Jacket Foundations for Offshore Windmills: A Case Study from the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Norro, A.; Rumes, B.; Degraer, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Diel Variation in Feeding and Movement Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Cod at Offshore Wind Farms | Reubens, J.; Rijcke, M.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way | Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
An Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Extracting Marine Renewable Energy in the Coastal Environment of the Black Sea | Zburlea, L.; Rusu, E. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Equivocal Effects of Offshore Wind Farms in Belgium on Soft Substrate Epibenthos and Fish Assemblages | Vandendriessche, S.; Derweduwen, J.; Hostens, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates | ||
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study | Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Moens, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat | Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Invertebrates |
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